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Cited by 902Sports injuries and preventionStatistical Methods in EpidemiologySports Performance and Training

Risk factors for sports injuries — a methodological approach

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Bahr, R, Holme, I·2003·British Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1136/bjsm.37.5.384PMC PMC1751357
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Abstract

The methodology for studies designed to investigate potential risk factors for sports injury is reviewed, using the case of hamstring strains as an example. Injuries result from a complex interaction of multiple risk factors and events. Therefore, a multivariate statistical approach should be used. In addition, the sample size of the study needs to be considered carefully. Sample size mainly depends on the expected effect of the risk factor on injury risk, and to detect moderate to strong associations 20–50 injury cases are needed, whereas small to moderate associations would need about 200 injured subjects. Studies published to date on the risk factors for hamstring strains have methodological limitations, and are too small to detect small to moderate associations.

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Myklebust G, Holm I, Maehlum S, et al. Clinical, functional and radiological outcome 6-11 years after ACL injuries in team handball players -a follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 2003; In press.
  2. Williams JPG. Aetiologic classification of sports injuries. Br J Sports Med 1971;4:228-30.
  3. Arnason A., Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, et al. Risk factors for injuries in soccer. Am J Sports Med 2003; In Press.
  4. Elwood JM. Causal relationships in medicine. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, 1988.
  5. Schmoor C, Sauerbrei W, Schumacher M. Sample size considerations for the evaluation of prognostic factors in survival analysis. Stat Med 2000;19:441-52.
  6. Fredriksen H. Hamstrings-strekk hos sprintere, betydningen av styrke og muskellengde. Norsk Idrettsmedisin 1998;13:7-10.
  7. Bahr, Holme www.bjsportmed.com on July 12, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://bjsm.bmj.com/ Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.37.5.384 on 26 September 2003. Downloaded from

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Authors
Bahr, R., & Holme, I.
Affiliations
Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (NO)
Corresponding author
Bahr, R
ORCID
Bahr, R
Venue
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2003-09-26
Volume
37
Issue
5
Pages
384-392
ISSN
  • 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
  • 1473-0480
DOI
10.1136/bjsm.37.5.384
PMC
PMC1751357
OpenAlex
W2125173681
Cited by
902
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 25
FWCI
3.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Pfizer
  • Norsk Tipping
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
sports injuries, risk factors, hamstring strain, research design, sample size, multivariate analysis, methodological limitations, injury risk
MeSH terms
Athletic Injuries, Humans, Leg Injuries, Research Design, Risk Factors, Tendon Injuries, Multivariate Analysis, Sample Size

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