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International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes

Bergeron, MF, Bahr, R, Bärtsch, P, Bourdon, L, Calbet, JAL, Carlsen, KH, Castagna, O, González-Alonso, J, Lundby, C, Maughan, RJ, Millet, G, Mountjoy, M, Racinais, S, Rasmussen, P, Subudhi, AW, Young, AJ, Soligard, T, Engebretsen, L·2012·British Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091296
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Abstract

Challenging environmental conditions, including heat and humidity, cold, and altitude, pose particular risks to the health of Olympic and other high-level athletes. As a further commitment to athlete safety, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission convened a panel of experts to review the scientific evidence base, reach consensus, and underscore practical safety guidelines and new research priorities regarding the unique environmental challenges Olympic and other international-level athletes face. For non-aquatic events, external thermal load is dependent on ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation, while clothing and protective gear can measurably increase thermal strain and prompt premature fatigue. In swimmers, body heat loss is the direct result of convection at a rate that is proportional to the effective water velocity around the swimmer and the temperature difference between the skin and the water. Other cold exposure and conditions, such as during Alpine skiing, biathlon and other sliding sports, facilitate body heat transfer to the environment, potentially leading to hypothermia and/or frostbite; although metabolic heat production during these activities usually increases well above the rate of body heat loss, and protective clothing and limited exposure time in certain events reduces these clinical risks as well. Most athletic events are held at altitudes that pose little to no health risks; and training exposures are typically brief and well-tolerated. While these and other environment-related threats to performance and safety can be lessened or averted by implementing a variety of individual and event preventative measures, more research and evidence-based guidelines and recommendations are needed. In the mean time, the IOC Medical Commission and International Sport Federations have implemented new guidelines and taken additional steps to mitigate risk even further.

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Metadata

Authors
Bergeron, M., Bahr, R., Bärtsch, P., Bourdon, L., Calbet, J., Carlsen, K., Castagna, O., González-Alonso, J., Lundby, C., Maughan, R., Millet, G., Mountjoy, M., Racinais, S., Rasmussen, P., Subudhi, A., Young, A., Soligard, T., & Engebretsen, L.
Affiliations
  • 1National Youth Sports Health & Safety Institute, USA
  • 3Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
  • 4Department of Internal Medicine, Division VII: Sports Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 5Institut de recherche biomedicale de defense - Ecole du Val-de-Grace (IRBA-EVDG), Paris, France
  • 6Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
  • 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 10Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
  • 11ZIHP and Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 12School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
  • 13ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 14Medical Commission, Fédération Internationale de Natation, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • 17ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Research and Education Centre, Doha, Qatar
  • 19Medical Committee, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 22Department of Biology and Altitude Research Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs and Anschutz Medical Campuses, USA
  • 23Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
  • 24Medical & Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
Venue
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2012-06-09
Volume
46
Issue
11
Pages
770-779
ISSN
  • 0306-3674
  • 1473-0480
DOI
10.1136/bjsports-2012-091296
Cited by
159
References
3
Language
en

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