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Urinary Indices of Hydration Status
Abstract
Athletes and researchers could benefit from a simple and universally accepted technique to determine whether humans are well-hydrated, euhydrated, or hypohydrated. Two laboratory studies (A, B) and one field study (C) were conducted to determine if urine color () indicates hydration status accurately and to clarify the interchangeability of , urine osmolality (), and urine specific gravity () in research. , , and were not significantly correlated with plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, or hemato-crit. This suggested that these hematologic measurements are not as sensitive to mild hypohydration (between days) as the selected urinary indices are. When the data from A, B, and C were combined, was strongly correlated with and U„sm. It was concluded that (a) may be used in athletic/industrial settings or field studies, where close estimates of or are acceptable, but should not be utilized in laboratories where greater precision and accuracy are required, and (b) and may be used interchangeably to determine hydration status.
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In the citing paper
“Assessment of the first morning urine void increases the validity of hydration-status measurement.”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [135]
In the citing paper
“The urine color chart (available at www.hydrationcheck.com) demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared with USG and osmolality measures. 41,135,136”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [135]
In the citing paper
“Lastly, a urine color of 8 on the chart indicates gross muscle damage and myoglobin present in the urine (rhabdomyolysis or kidney dysfunction); a patient presenting with this color should receive prompt referral and follow-up testing. 135,138”
From National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active (2017) · cites this paper as [135]
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Citations
Cited by
Exercise and Fluid Replacement
(2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597 · Cited by 1,497
National athletic trainers’ association position statement: Exertional heat illnesses
Casa, D. J., DeMartini, J. K., Bergeron, M. F., Csillan, D., Eichner, E. R., Lopez, R. M., Ferrara, M. S., Miller, K. C., O'Connor, F., Sawka, M. N., et al. (2015) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-50.9.07 · Cited by 975
Self-citationAssessing Hydration Status: The Elusive Gold Standard
Armstrong, L. E. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719661 · Cited by 643
Self-citationWearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete
Seshadri, D. R., Li, R. T., Voos, J. E., Rowbottom, J. R., Alfes, C. M., Zorman, C. A., & Drummond, C. K. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0150-9 · Cited by 537
Dehydration: Physiology, Assessment, and Performance Effects
Cheuvront, S. N., & Kenefick, R. W. (2014) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130017 · Cited by 461
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Metadata
- Authors
- Armstrong, L. E., Maresh, C. M., Castellani, J. W., Bergeron, M. F., Kenefick, R. W., LaGasse, K. E., & Riebe, D.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 1994-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 265-279
- ISSN
- 1050-1606
- Cited by
- 548
- References
- 0
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- Armstrong, L. E., Maresh, C. M., Castellani, J. W., Bergeron, M. F., Kenefick, R. W., LaGasse, K. E., & Riebe, D. (1994). Urinary Indices of Hydration Status. International Journal of Sport Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.3.265
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
