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Cited by 1,163Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesPulmonary Hypertension Research and TreatmentsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research

Alcohol dependence: Provisional description of a clinical syndrome

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Edwards, G, Gross, M M·1976·BMJ
DOI 10.1136/bmj.1.6017.1058
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxygen therapy is effective in the prevention and treatment of oedematous exacerbations of cor pulmonale. As renal blood flow is reduced in cor pulmonale a study was designed to investigate whether one of the beneficial effects of oxygen was to increase renal blood flow. The effect of oxygen therapy on renal haemodynamics measured noninvasively was examined in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and previous episodes of oedema. METHODS: Renal blood flow waveforms were recorded in a single vessel by colour flow Doppler ultrasound in nine hypoxaemic patients (PaO2) (arterial oxygen tension < 8 kPa while they were breathing air) with chronic obstructive airways disease and previous oedema and eight age matched normoxaemic volunteers (arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) 97% or more when breathing air) while they were breathing air and oxygen. SaO2 and transcutaneous PaO2 (TcPO2) and PaCO2 (TcPCO2) were monitored. Five renal velocity profile recordings were made from the same segmental vessel with the patient breathing room air for one hour followed by oxygen titrated to achieve an oxygen saturation of 95% or more without a rise in TcPCO2 for 15 minutes. Control subjects breathed 35% oxygen. RESULTS: No significant change in the pulsatility index (a measure of distal vascular resistance) or mean height of the waveform (Tamx, a measure of renal blood flow) occurred in the control subjects while they were breathing air or oxygen. The pulsatility index of the patients with chronic obstructive airways disease was significantly greater than that in the control subjects breathing air (1.44 (SD 0.28) v 1.03 (0.14). Breathing oxygen was associated with an increase in TcPO2 in the patients (from 6.9 (1.9) to 11.5 (0.7) kPa), a fall in pulsatility index (from 1.44 (0.28) to 1.26 (0.14) and an increase in Tamx (from 0.187 (0.055) to 0.234 (0.087) m/s). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that renal vascular resistance is increased in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and hypoxaemia and that short term oxygen therapy reduces renal vascular resistance and increases blood flow. Some of the benefits of oxygen therapy in cor pulmonale may be due to improvements in renal haemodynamics.

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  • Human studies in this area have been limited to retrospective patient reports, post mortem brain tissue methods, or cross-sectional laboratory paradigms, none of which directly measure alcohol responses in the same individuals over time.

    “Human studies in this area have been limited to retrospective patient reports(23), post mortem brain tissue methods(24), or cross-sectional laboratory paradigms(2, 3, 25–29), none of which directly measure alcohol responses in the same individuals over time.”

    From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Previous studies relying on proxy measures of brain-behavior relationships to alcohol response have not been able to address within-person changes or stabilization in alcohol response over time.

    “Previous studies relying on proxy measures of brain-behavior relationships to alcohol response(2, 3, 23–29) have not been able to address within-person changes or stabilization in alcohol response over time.”

    From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [23]

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Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. US National Council on Alcoholism, American Journal of Psychiatry, 1972, 129, 127.
  2. 3Edwards, G, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1974, 35, 176.
  3. 5Lelbach, W K, in Recent Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems I, ed R J Gibbins, p 93. New York, Wiley, 1974.
  4. Mello, N K, and Mendelson, J H, Nature, 1965, 206, 43.
  5. Kalant, H, Le Blanc, A E, and Gibbins, R J, in Biological Basis of Alcoho- lism, ed Y Israel and J Mardones, p 235. New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1971.
  6. Isbell, H, et al, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1955, 16, 1.
  7. Mendelson, J H, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1964, suppl 2. Experimentally Induced Chronic Intoxication and Withdrawal in Alcoholics.
  8. Mello, N K, and Mendelson, J H, Journal of Pharmacology and Experi- mental Therapeutics, 1970, 175, 94.
  9. Keller, M, British Journal of Addiction, 1972, 67, 153.
  10. Lewis, A, in Inquiries in Psychiatry, chap 6, p 141. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.
  11. Davies, D L, Quarterly3Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1962, 23, 94.
  12. Orford, J, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1973, 11, 563.
  13. Robinson, D, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1972, 33, 1028.

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Authors
Edwards, G., & Gross, M. M.
Affiliations
SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
ORCID
Gross, M M
Venue
BMJ
Publisher
BMJ
Published
1976-05-01
Volume
1
Issue
6017
Pages
1058-1061
ISSN
  • 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
  • 0959-8138
  • 1468-5833
DOI
10.1136/bmj.1.6017.1058
OpenAlex
W2086466782
Cited by
1,163
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 49
FWCI
9.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • BMJ (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Keywords
alcoholism, clinical syndromes
MeSH terms
Ethanol, Alcoholism, Compulsive Behavior, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Nausea, Research, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Sweating, Syndrome, Tremor, Substance-Related Disorders

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