Cited by 1,509Acute Myocardial Infarction ResearchCardiac Health and Mental HealthCardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis

Open access

Freemantle, N., Cleland, J., Young, P., Mason, J., Harrison, J.·1999·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1730PMC PMC31101

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of beta blockers in short term treatment for acute myocardial infarction and in longer term secondary prevention; to examine predictive factors that may influence outcome and therefore choice of drug; and to examine the clinical importance of the results in the light of current treatment. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. SETTING: Randomised controlled trials. SUBJECTS: Patients with acute or past myocardial infarction. INTERVENTION: beta Blockers compared with control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All cause mortality and non-fatal reinfarction. RESULTS: Overall, 5477 of 54 234 patients (10.1%) randomised to beta blockers or control died. We identified a 23% reduction in the odds of death in long term trials (95% confidence interval 15% to 31%), but only a 4% reduction in the odds of death in short term trials (-8% to 15%). Meta regression in long term trials did not identify a significant reduction in effectiveness in drugs with cardioselectivity but did identify a near significant trend towards decreased benefit in drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Most evidence is available for propranolol, timolol, and metoprolol. In long term trials, the number needed to treat for 2 years to avoid a death is 42, which compares favourably with other treatments for patients with acute or past myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: beta Blockers are effective in long term secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, but they are underused in such cases and lead to avoidable mortality and morbidity.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1730

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Untitled work
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
COLLABORATIVE OVERVIEW OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY .1. PREVENTION OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, AND STROKE BY PROLONGED ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS
Altman, R., Carreras, L., Díaz, R. S., Figueroa, E. B., Paolasso, E., Parodi, J. C., Cade, J. F., Donnan, G. A., Eadie, M. J., Gavaghan, T. P., et al. (1994) · Cited by 3,322
Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: An overview of the randomized trials
Yusuf, S., Peto, R., Lewis, J., Collins, R., & Sleight, P. (1985) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(85)80003-7 · Cited by 3,205
Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group.
Sleight, R. B., Sleight, P., Parish, S., Appleby, P. N., Collins, R., & Baigent, C. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 2,868
Comparison of Invasive and Conservative Strategies after Treatment with Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Myocardial Infarction
The TIMI Study Group* (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198903093201002 · Cited by 1,024
Effect of Beta-Blockade on Mortality among High-Risk and Low-Risk Patients after Myocardial Infarction
Gottlieb, S. S., McCarter, R., & Vogel, R. A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199808203390801 · Cited by 966
The Effect of Diltiazem on Mortality and Reinfarction after Myocardial Infarction
The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198808183190701 · Cited by 828
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy--I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration.
(1994) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 755
The Effect of Warfarin on Mortality and Reinfarction after Myocardial Infarction
Smith, P., Arnesen, H., & Holme, I. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199007193230302 · Cited by 637

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Viskin S, Barron HV. -Blockers prevent cardiac death following myocar- dial infarction: so why are so many infarct survivors discharge without -blockers? Am J Cardiol 1996;78:821-2.
Spiegelhalter D, Thomas A, Best N, Gilks W. BUGS: Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling, Version 0.50. Cambridge: Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, 1995.
Feely J, de Vane PJ, Maclean D. -Blockers and sympathomimetics. BMJ 1983;286:1043-7.

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 1,000

Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Outpatient Kidney Transplant Clinic
KIBERD, B. A., & Panek, R. (2008) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.00030108 · Cited by 56
Potential survival gains in the treatment of myocardial infarction
Chew, D. P., Huynh, L. T., Liew, D., Astley, C. M., Soman, A., & Brieger, D. B. (2009) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.174276 · Cited by 56
Weather-induced ischemia and arrhythmia in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: another difference between men and women
Schneider, A. E., Schuh, A., Maetzel, F.-K., Rückerl, R., Breitner, S., & Peters, A. (2008) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-008-0144-9 · Cited by 56
Characteristics of treated hypertension in incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients
Griffith, T. F., Chua, B. S. Y., Allen, A. S., Klassen, P., Reddan, D. N., & Szczech, L. A. M. (2003) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2003.08.028 · Cited by 55
Management of patients with drug-induced atrioventricular block
OSMONOV, D., ERDINLER, I., OZCAN, K. S., ALTAY, S., TURKKAN, C., YILDIRIM, E., HASDEMIR, H., ALPER, A. T., CAKMAK, N., SATILMIS, S., et al. (2012) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03410.x · Cited by 53
III Diretriz sobre tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio
Piegas, L. S., Timerman, A., Nicolau, J. C., Mattos, L. A., Neto, J. M. R., Feitosa, G. S., Avezum, Á., Carvalho, A. C. C., Mansur, A. D. P., Timerman, A., et al. (2004) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2004002200001 · Cited by 58
Impact of combined secondary prevention therapy after myocardial infarction: Data from a nationwide French registry
Danchin, N., Cambou, J., Hanania, G., Kadri, Z., Genès, N., Lablanche, J., Blanchard, D., Vaur, L., Clerson, P., & Guéret, P. (2005) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.01.058 · Cited by 54
Design and rationale of the Danish trial of beta-blocker treatment after myocardial infarction without reduced ejection fraction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Kristensen, A. M. D., Bovin, A., Zwisler, A., Cerquira, C., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Bøtker, H. E., Gustafsson, I., Veien, K. T., Thomsen, K. K., Olsen, M. H., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-4214-6 · Cited by 53
The spectrum of post-myocardial infarction care: From acute ischemia to heart failure
Akhtar, K. H., Khan, M. S., Baron, S. J., Zieroth, S. R., Estep, J. D., Burkhoff, D., Butler, J., & Fudim, M. (2024) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.01.017 · Cited by 58
Effects of fondaparinux in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction not receiving reperfusion treatment
Oldgren, J., Wallentin, L. C., Afzal, R., Bassand, J., Budaj, A., Chrolavicius, S., Fox, K. A. A., Granger, C. B., Mehta, S., Pais, P. S., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm578 · Cited by 53
Cardiac medication prescribing and adherence after acute myocardial infarction in Chinese and South Asian Canadian patients
Lai, E. J., Grubisić, M., Palepu, A., Quan, H., King, K. M., & Khan, N. A. (2011) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-11-56 · Cited by 53
“These medication classes were selected because of their proven mortality benefit in secondary prevention of cardiovascular events [1-3,16-19].”
Background
A Review on Solubility Enhancement of Carvedilol—a BCS Class II Drug
Fernandes, G. J., Kumar, L., Sharma, K., Tunge, R., & Rathnanand, M. (2018) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation · doi:10.1007/s12247-018-9319-z · Cited by 53
Use and adherence to beta‐blockers for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction: who is not getting the treatment?
Wei, L., Flynn, R., Murray, G. D., & MacDonald, T. M. (2004) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.963 · Cited by 53
Acute management of unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Morita, F., Pesaro, A. E. P., Franken, M., & Wajngarten, M. (2015) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s1679-45082015rw3172 · Cited by 54
The effect of beta-blockers on mortality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomized controlled studies
Fukuta, H., Goto, T., Wakami, K., & Ohte, N. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.239 · Cited by 52
Modern Management of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Frampton, J., DeVries, J. T., Welch, T. D., & Gersh, B. J. (2018) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.08.005 · Cited by 53
Cardiac cAMP-PKA Signaling Compartmentalization in Myocardial Infarction
Colombe, A., & Pidoux, G. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040922 · Cited by 58
Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women
Mosca, L. D. P. C., Appel, L. J., & Benjamin, E. J. (2004) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.04.052 · Cited by 50
beta Blockade after myocardial infarction. Beta blockers have key role in reducing morbidity and mortality after infarction.
Nuttall, S. L., Toescu, V., & Kendall, M. J. (2000) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 52
Women tolerate drug therapy for coronary artery disease as well as men do, but are treated less frequently with aspirin, β-blockers, or statins
Enriquez, J. R., Pratap, P., Zbilut, J. P., Calvin, J. E., & Volgman, A. S. (2008) · Gender Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1550-8579(08)80008-3 · Cited by 52
Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure: Are Pharmacological Differences Clinically Important?
Metra, M., Cas, L. D., Lenarda, A. D., & Poole-Wilson, P. A. (2004) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1023/b:hrev.0000046367.99002.a4 · Cited by 51
“39) [5].”
Background
Cost-effectiveness of a fixed-dose combination pill for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in China, India, Mexico, Nigeria, and South Africa: a modelling study
Lin, J. K., Moran, A. E., Bibbins-Domingo, K. B., Falase, B., Pedroza-Tobías, A., Mandke, C., & Kazi, D. S. (2019) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30339-0 · Cited by 50
Cumulative Adherence to Secondary Prevention Guidelines and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Solomon, M. D., Leong, T. K., Levin, E. G., Rana, J. S., Jaffe, M. G., Sidney, S. S., Sung, S. H., Lee, C., DeMaria, A. N., & Go, A. S. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.014415 · Cited by 51
Effect of Beta Blockers, Particularly Carvedilol, on Reducing the Risk of Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Kopecky, S. L. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.05.039 · Cited by 51
The impact of guideline compliant medical therapy on clinical outcome in patients with stable angina: findings from the Euro Heart Survey of stable angina
Daly, C. (2006) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl005 · Cited by 51
Using an electronic medical record to identify opportunities to improve compliance with cholesterol guidelines
Maviglia, S. M., Teich, J. M., Fiskio, J. M., & Bates, D. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016008531.x · Cited by 51
A systematic review of selective and non-selective beta blockers for prevention of vascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure.
de Peuter, O. R., Lussana, F., Peters, R. J. G., Buller, H. R., & Kamphuisen, P. W. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 50
Mortality Risk Reduction Associated With Smoking Cessation in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Critchley, J., & Capewell, S. (2007) · Cited by 50
Predictors, Trends, and Outcomes (Among Older Patients ≥65 Years of Age) Associated With Beta-Blocker Use in Patients With Stable Angina Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Motivala, A. A., Parikh, V. K., Roe, M. T., Dai, D., Abbott, J. D., Prasad, A., & Mukherjee, D. (2016) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2016.05.048 · Cited by 50
Use of secondary preventive drugs in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated medically or with coronary angioplasty: results from the nationwide French PREVENIR survey
Danchin, N., Grenier, O., Ferrières, J., Cantet, C., & Cambou, J.-P. (2002) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.88.2.159 · Cited by 50
Results of systematic review of research on diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease in women.
Grady, D., Chaput, L. A., & Kristof, M. (2003) · PubMed Central · Cited by 50
Thiazide-Type Diuretics and β-Adrenergic Blockers as First-Line Drug Treatments for Hypertension
Cutler, J. A., & Davis, B. R. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.709931 · Cited by 51
A comparison of the β1 -selectivity of three β1 -selective β-blockers
Nuttall, S. L., Routledge, H., & Kendall, M. J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00477.x · Cited by 49
Pericardial disease: what the general cardiologist needs to know
Ivens, E., Munt, B. I., & Moss, R. (2007) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.086587 · Cited by 49
Early EPS/ICD strategy in survivors of acute myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction on optimal beta-blocker treatment. The BEta-blocker STrategy plus ICD trial.
Raviele, A., Bongiorni, M. G., Brignole, M., Cappato, R., Capucci, A., Gaïta, F., Gulizia, M. M., Mangiameli, S., MONTENERO, A. S., & Pedretti, R. F. E. (2005) · EP Europace · doi:10.1016/j.eupc.2005.03.003 · Cited by 49
“Of the currently available antiarrhythmic therapies, only beta-blockers [10,11] and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) [12e14] have proved to be highly effective in decreasing both SD and total mortality after MI.”
Background
β blockers in hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Ong, H. T. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39185.440382.47 · Cited by 61
Propranolol enhances bone healing and implant osseointegration in rats tibiae
Alsubaie, A., Laurenti, M., Abdallah, M., Tamimi, I., Yaghoubi, F., Eimar, H. A., Makhoul, N. M., & Tamimi, F. (2016) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12632 · Cited by 48
Beta-blocker therapy and symptoms of depression, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction
Ko, D. T., Hebert, P. R., Coffey, C. S., Sedrakyan, A., Curtis, J. P., & Krumholz, H. M. (2002) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/s1062-1458(02)00899-1 · Cited by 48
Guías de Práctica Clínica de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología (ESC). Manejo del infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes con elevación persistente del segmento ST
de Werf, F. V., Bax, J. J., Steg, P. G., Marco Tubaro, U., & Weis, M. (2009) · Revista Española de Cardiología · Cited by 46
β-Adrenergic Blockers in Heart Failure: Review of Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Outcomes
Satwani, S., Dec, G. W., & Narula, J. (2004) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/107424840400900404 · Cited by 47
Erratum to: Weather-induced ischemia and arrhythmia in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: another difference between men and women
Schneider, A. E., Schuh, A., Maetzel, F.-K., Rückerl, R., Breitner, S., & Peters, A. (2008) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-008-0150-y · Cited by 47
Insuficiencia cardiaca en el infarto agudo de miocardio: comparación de pacientes con o sin criterios de insuficiencia cardiaca del registro FAST-MI
Juillière, Y., Cambou, J. P., Bataille, V., Mulak, G., Galinier, M., Gibelin, P., Benamer, H., Bouvaist, H., Meneveau, N. F., Tabone, X., et al. (2012) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2011.10.027 · Cited by 47
A Composite Screening Tool for Medication Reviews of Outpatients
Smet, P. A. G. M. D., Denneboom, W., Kramers, C., & Grol, R. P. T. M. (2007) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200724090-00003 · Cited by 47
Antihypertensive Drugs
Ram, C. V. S. (2002) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.2165/00129784-200202020-00002 · Cited by 46
Major β blocker mortality trials in chronic heart failure: a critical review
McMurray, J. J. V. (1999) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.82.2008.iv14 · Cited by 46
Heterogeneous and Composite Bioinks for 3D-Bioprinting of Complex Tissue
Rasouli, R., Sweeney, C. L., & Frampton, J. P. (2024) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-024-00171-7 · Cited by 54
Heart Failure in Acute Myocardial Infarction: a Comparison Between Patients With or Without Heart Failure Criteria From the FAST-MI Registry
Juillière, Y., Cambou, J. P., Bataille, V., Mulak, G., Galinier, M., Gibelin, P., Benamer, H., Bouvaist, H., Meneveau, N. F., Tabone, X., et al. (2012) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2011.10.028 · Cited by 48
Predictors of 1-year outcomes in the Taiwan Acute Coronary Syndrome Full Spectrum Registry
Chiang, F., Shyu, K., Wu, C., Mar, G.-Y., Hou, C. J., Li, A., Wen, M., Lai, W., Lin, S.-J., Kuo, C.-T., et al. (2013) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2013.08.001 · Cited by 45
Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Tolla, M. T., Norheim, O. F., Memirie, S. T., Abdissa, S. G., Ababulgu, A., Jerene, D., Bertram, M., Strand, K. B., Verguet, S., & Johansson, K. A. (2016) · Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation · doi:10.1186/s12962-016-0059-y · Cited by 45
The Returns to Nursing: Evidence from a Parental-Leave Program
Friedrich, B., & Hackmann, M. B. (2020) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdaa082 · Cited by 47
Prescription Prevalence and Continuing Medication Use for Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction
Mangiapane, S., & Busse, R. (2011) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0856 · Cited by 44
Beta-blocker Treatment Does Not Worsen Critical Limb Ischemia in Patients Receiving Endovascular Therapy
Soga, Y., Iida, O., Takahara, M., Hirano, K., Suzuki, K., & Kawasaki, D. (2014) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.27359 · Cited by 43
The β-Blocker to Lower Cardiovascular Dialysis Events (BLOCADE) Feasibility Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Roberts, M. A., Pilmore, H., Ierino, F. L., Badve, S. V., Cass, A., Garg, A. X., Isbel, N. M., Krum, H., Pascoe, E. M., Perkovic, V., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.10.029 · Cited by 46
Prognostic Impact of β-Blocker Dose After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hwang, D., Lee, J. M., Kim, H. K., Choi, K. H., Rhee, T., Park, J., Park, T. K., Yang, J. H., Song, Y. B., Choi, J., et al. (2018) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-18-0662 · Cited by 44
The safety of cardioselective β 1 -blockers in asthma: literature review and search of global pharmacovigilance safety reports
Bennett, M. R., Chang, C. L., Tatley, M. V., Savage, R. L., & Hancox, R. J. (2021) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00801-2020 · Cited by 44
Inhibition of metoprolol metabolism and potentiation of its effects by paroxetine in routinely treated patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Zagorodnikova, K., Burbello, A., Афанасьевна, Б. С., Babak, S., Bergman, U., & Bertilsson, L. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0404-3 · Cited by 45
Treatment and secondary prevention of ischemic coronary events in Croatia (TASPIC-CRO study)
Reiner, Ž., Mihatov, Š., Miličić, D., Bergovec, M., Planinc, D., & on behalf of the TASPIC-CRO Study Group Investigators (2006) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000183910.59741.96 · Cited by 44
The Heart Metabolism: Pathophysiological Aspects in Ischaemia and Heart Failure
Abozguia, K., Shivu, G. N., Ahmed, I., Phan, T., & Frenneaux, M. P. (2009) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161209787582101 · Cited by 44
“These have focused on the blockade of maladaptive neurohormonal activation [10,11].”
Background
Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a review of clinical trials and criteria for identifying the appropriate patient.
Abraham, W. T. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 44
An educational intervention to improve data recording in the management of ischaemic heart disease in primary care
de Lusignan, S., Hague, N., Brown, A., & Majeed, A. (2004) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdh104 · Cited by 43
Basis for Sex-Dependent Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Izadnegahdar, M., Norris, C. M., Kaul, P., Pilote, L., & Humphries, K. H. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2013.08.020 · Cited by 43
Discontinuation of beta-blockers in cardiovascular disease: UK primary care cohort study
Kalra, P. R., Morley, C., Barnes, S., Menown, I. B. A., Kassianos, G. C., Padmanabhan, S., Gupta, S., & Lang, C. C. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.116 · Cited by 43
“Beta-blockers are among the most widely prescribed of all drug classes [1] with strong evidence supporting the use of beta-blockers following acute myocardial infarction (MI) [2] and in treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) [3,4] and stable ischaemic heart disease (IHD) [5] that are translated to clinical practice…”
Background
Income-Related Inequity in Initiation of Evidence-Based Therapies Among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hanley, G. E., Morgan, S., & Reid, R. J. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1799-1 · Cited by 43
Influenza Vaccination for Cardiovascular Prevention: Further Insights from the IAMI Trial and an Updated Meta-analysis
Maniar, Y. M., Al‐Abdouh, A., & Michos, E. D. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01748-8 · Cited by 43
Study design for the “effect of METOprolol in CARDioproteCtioN during an acute myocardial InfarCtion” (METOCARD-CNIC): A randomized, controlled parallel-group, observer-blinded clinical trial of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Ibáñez, B., Fuster, V., Macaya, C., Sánchez-Brunete, V., Pizarro, G., López‐Romero, P., Rodríguez, A. A. M., Jiménez‐Borreguero, L. J., Fernández‐Ortíz, A., Sanz, G., et al. (2012) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2012.07.020 · Cited by 42
Part 9: Acute coronary syndromes
Bossaert, L. L., O’Connor, R. E., Arntz, H.-R., Brooks, S. C., Diercks, D., Feitosa-Filho, G. S., Nolan, J. P., Hoek, T. L. V., Walters, D., Wong, A., et al. (2010) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.001 · Cited by 43
A Review on the Putative Association Between Beta-Blockers and Depression
Verbeek, D. E. P., van Riezen, J., de Boer, R. A., van Melle, J. P., & de Jonge, P. (2010) · Heart Failure Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2010.08.006 · Cited by 41
2004 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Emergency Department Practice
Pollack, C. V., Diercks, D. B., Roe, M. T., & Peterson, E. D. (2005) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.11.003 · Cited by 42
A “poly-portfolio” for secondary prevention: A strategy to reduce subsequent events by up to 97% over five years
Robinson, J. G., & Maheshwari, N. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.09.036 · Cited by 42
Importance of Neuroendocrine Activation in Chronic Heart Failure. Impact on Treatment Strategies
Swedberg, K. B. (2000) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/s1388-9842(00)00102-1 · Cited by 42
Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Cardiac Protection: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Aspects, and Interactions With Nonvolatile Agents
Lotz, C., & Kehl, F. (2014) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2014.11.012 · Cited by 41
Does Oral Beta-Blocker Therapy Improve Long-Term Survival in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Preserved Systolic Function? A Meta-Analysis
Misumida, N., Harjai, K. J., Kernis, S. J., & Kanei, Y. (2015) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/1074248415608011 · Cited by 41
Beta-blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction
Safi, S., Sethi, N. J., Nielsen, E. E., Feinberg, J. B., Gluud, C. N., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012484.pub2 · Cited by 40
Mortality Reduction Benefits of a Comprehensive Cardiac Care Program for Patients with Occlusive Coronary Artery Disease
Merenich, J. A., Olson, K. L., Delate, T., Rasmussen, J. R., Helling, D. K., & Ward, D. G. (2007) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.27.10.1370 · Cited by 41
Cardiac Workload in Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing Early After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hetzenecker, A., Büchner, S., Greimel, T., Satzl, A., Luchner, A., Debl, K., Hüsser, O., Hamer, O. W., Fellner, C., Riegger, G. A. J., et al. (2013) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.12-1930 · Cited by 41
Recent Trials in Hypertension
Psaty, B. M., Weiss, N. S., & Furberg, C. D. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.14.1704 · Cited by 40
Adrenergic-Pathway Gene Variants Influence Beta-Blocker–Related Outcomes After Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Race-Specific Manner
Cresci, S., Dorn, G. W., Jones, P. G., Beitelshees, A. L., Li, A. Y., Lenzini, P. A., Province, M. A., Spertus, J. A., & Lanfear, D. E. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.051 · Cited by 40
β-Adrenergic Blockers as Antiarrhythmic and Antifibrillatory Compounds: An Overview
Singh, B. N. (2005) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/10742484050100i402 · Cited by 40
Nationwide trends in development of heart failure and mortality after first-time myocardial infarction 1997–2010: A Danish cohort study
Gjesing, A., Gislason, G., Køber, L., Smith, J. G., Christensen, S. B., Gustafsson, F., Olsen, A. S., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., & Andersson, C. (2014) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2014.08.009 · Cited by 40
“Beta-blockers [1,2], statins [3,4], and antithrombotic drugs [5,6] are now the cornerstones of pharmacological treatment and additionally for patients with heart failure (HF), reduced left ventricle ejection fraction or diabetes treatment with renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (i.”
Background
Do immigrants from Turkey, Pakistan and Yugoslavia receive adequate medical treatment with beta-blockers and statins after acute myocardial infarction compared with Danish-born residents? A register-based follow-up study
Hempler, N. F., Diderichsen, F., Larsen, F. B., Ladelund, S., & Jørgensen, T. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-010-0816-3 · Cited by 40
“Treatment with statins and beta-blockers after AMI reduces the risk of recurrent AMI and increases survival; therefore, international and national guidelines recommend treatment after AMI [13–15].”
Background
NHG-Standaard Cardiovasculair risicomanagement
Wiersma, T., Boukes, F., Geijer, R. M. M., & Goudswaard, A. N. (2009) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-6614-9_6 · Cited by 40
Cardio‐selective and non‐selective beta‐blockers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on bronchodilator response and exercise
Chang, C. L., Mills, G., McLachlan, J. D., Karalus, N., & Hancox, R. J. (2009) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01943.x · Cited by 40
Choice of antihypertensive drugs in the European Society of Hypertension–European Society of Cardiology guidelines: specific indications rather than ranking for general usage
Mancia, G., & Zanchetti, A. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f52fa8 · Cited by 39
Prevention of Myofilament Dysfunction by β-Blocker Therapy in Postinfarct Remodeling
Duncker, D. J., Boontje, N. M., Merkus, D., Versteilen, A. M. G., Krysiak, J., Mearini, G., El‐Armouche, A., de Beer, V. J., Lamers, J. M. J., Carrier, L., et al. (2009) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.108.806125 · Cited by 40
Are Beta-Blockers Effective in Patients who Develop Heart Failure Soon After Myocardial Infarction? A Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomised Trials
Houghton, T., Freemantle, N., & Cleland, J. G. F. (2000) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/s1388-9842(00)00100-8 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
β-blockers are not all the same: pharmacologic similarities and differences, potential combinations and clinical implications
Taddei, S., Tsabedze, N., & Tan, R. (2024) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2024.2318058 · Cited by 39
“However, there is no compelling evidence that ISA directed at the b 1 - adrenoceptor confers any clinical outcome benefit; in fact, the opposite may be true: in a meta-analysis, the presence of ISA reduced the clinical benefit of b -blockers in patients with stable CHD 70 .”
Background
Use of β-Blockers in Patients with COPD
Andrus, M. R., Holloway, K. P., & Clark, D. B. (2003) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1d113 · Cited by 39
Use of Cardioselective ß-Blockers in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Blinded Trials
Ni, Y., Shi, G., & Wan, H. (2012) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/030006051204000602 · Cited by 39
Closing Gaps in Lifestyle Adherence for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Aggarwal, M., Ornish, D. M., Josephson, R., Brown, T. M., Ostfeld, R. J., Gordon, N. F., Madan, S., Allen, K., Khetan, A. K., Mahmoud, A., et al. (2021) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.01.005 · Cited by 38
Cost effectiveness of ramipril treatment for cardiovascular risk reduction
Malik, I. S. (2001) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.85.5.539 · Cited by 39
Late Cardiac Remodeling After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Springeling, T., Kirschbaum, S. W., Rossi, A., Baks, T., Karamermer, Y., Schulz, C., Ouhlous, M., Duncker, D. J., Moelker, A. D., Krestin, G. P., et al. (2012) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-12-0043 · Cited by 38
Incidence and Outcomes Associated With Early Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy in Patients With Ongoing Cardiogenic Shock
van Diepen, S., Reynolds, H. R., Stebbins, A., Lópes, R. D., Džavík, V., Rużyłło, W., Geppert, A., Widimský, P., Ohman, E. M., Parrillo, J. E., et al. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31829f6242 · Cited by 38
¿En la era actual existe beneficio pronóstico del tratamiento con bloqueadores beta tras un síndrome coronario agudo con función sistólica conservada?
Raposeiras‐Roubín, S., Abu‐Assi, E., Diéguez, A. R., González-Ferreiro, R., López-López, A., Bouzas‐Cruz, N., Castiñeira-Busto, M., Peña, C., García‐Acuña, J. M., & González‐Juanatey, J. R. (2014) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2014.07.029 · Cited by 38
Effects of an Inhaled β2‐Agonist on Cardiovascular Function and Sympathetic Activity in Healthy Subjects
Snyder, E. M., Wong, E. C., Foxx‐Lupo, W. T., Wheatley, C. M., Cassuto, N. A., & Patanwala, A. E. (2011) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.31.8.748 · Cited by 38
“In fact, 1-blockers have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality in these patients.(12) In an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy, stimulation of the 1-receptor resulted in myocyte death, but stimulation of the 2-receptor was protective from apoptosis.”
Background
Implementing guidelines in primary care: can population impact measures help?
Heller, R. F., Edwards, R., & McElduff, P. (2003) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-3-7 · Cited by 38
Protecting the Myocardium From Ischemic Injury
Salvi, S. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.4.1242 · Cited by 38
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in Patients at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of 10 Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials
Ong, H. T., Ong, L. M., & Ho, J. J. (2013) · ISRN Cardiology · doi:10.1155/2013/478597 · Cited by 37
2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European
Mancia, G., Dominiczak, A. F., Fagard, R. H., Heagerty, A. M., Kjeldsen, S. E., Laurent, S., Schmieder, R. E., Vahanian, A. S., Camm, A. J., Dean, V., et al. (2007) · Cited by 38
Cardioprotection with beta‐blockers: myths, facts and Pascal’s wager
Messerli, F. H., Bangalore, S., Yao, S., & Steinberg, J. S. (2009) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02140.x · Cited by 37
Effect of early treatment with anti-hypertensive drugs on short and long-term mortality in patients with an acute cardiovascular event
Perez, M. I., Musini, V. M., & Wright, J. M. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006743.pub2 · Cited by 39

Authors: Freemantle, N., Cleland, J., Young, P., Mason, J., & Harrison, J.
Affiliations: University of York (GB)
University of Hull (GB)
Corresponding author: Freemantle, N.
ORCID: Freemantle, N.
Cleland, J.
Mason, J.
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1999-06-26
Volume: 318
Issue: 7200
Pages: 1730-1737
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1730
PMC: PMC31101
OpenAlex: W2070568974
Cited by: 1,509
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 74 · 2012: 83
FWCI: 7.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Keywords: beta-blockers, myocardial infarction, secondary prevention, all-cause mortality, reinfarction, cardioselectivity, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, propranolol, timolol, metoprolol, number needed to treat, predictors of treatment response
MeSH terms: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Regression Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks