Antidepressants as risk factor for ischaemic heart disease: case–control study in primary care
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Objectives: To determine whether antidepressants are a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and to compare the risk for different subgroups of antidepressants and individual antidepressants. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Nine general practices recruited from the Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network. Participants: 933 men and women with ischaemic heart disease matched by age, sex, and practice to 5516 controls. Main outcome measure: Adjusted odds ratio for ischaemic heart disease calculated by logistic regression. Results: Odds ratios for ischaemic heart disease were significantly raised for patients who had ever received a prescription for tricyclic antidepressants even after diabetes, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors had been adjusted for (1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.05). Patients who had ever taken dosulepin (dothiepin) had a significantly raised odds ratio for ischaemic heart disease after adjustment for confounding factors and use of other antidepressants (1.67, 1.17 to 2.36). There was no significant increase in the odds ratios for amitriptyline, lofepramine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in multivariate analysis. Increasing maximum doses of dosulepin were associated with increasing odds ratios for ischaemic heart disease. Similarly, there was a significant positive trend associated with increasing numbers of prescriptions of dosulepin (adjusted odds ratio 1.52 for 1 prescription, 1.39 for 2-3, and 1.96 for ≥4, P<0.002). Conclusion: There is good evidence for an association between dosulepin and subsequent ischaemic heart disease and for a dose-response relation. What is already known on this topic: Over 45% of patients in hospital after myocardial infarction have depression Depression is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction What this study adds: Patients who had ever taken dosulepin (dothiepin) had significantly increased risk of ischaemic heart disease after confounding factors had been adjusted for The association followed a dose-response relation The effect of other antidepressants was not significant after adjustment for confounders
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Enhanced risk in patients with depression may be due in part to adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants.
“Enhanced risk in patients with depression may also be due in part to adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants.121,122”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [122]
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- Authors
- Hippisley-Cox, J., Pringle, M., Hammersley, V., Crown, N., Wynn, A., Meal, A., & Coupland, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Queen's Medical Centre (GB)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-09-22
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 7314
- Pages
- 666-669
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC55927
- OpenAlex
- W2019631057
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- antidepressants, ischemic heart disease, tricyclic antidepressants, dosulepin, dothiepin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, amitriptyline, lofepramine, dose-response relationship, cardiovascular risk, depression, myocardial infarction, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dothiepin, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Myocardial Ischemia, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Age Distribution
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