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Quality of Cochrane reviews: Assessment of sample from 1998.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the quality of Cochrane reviews. Design: Ten methodologists affiliated with the Cochrane Collaboration independently examined, in a semistructured way, the quality of reviews first published in 1998. Each review was assessed by two people; if one of them noted any major problems, they agreed on a common assessment. Predominant types of problem were categorised. Setting: Cyberspace collaboration coordinated from the Nordic Cochrane Centre. Studies: All 53 reviews first published in issue 4 of the Cochrane Library in 1998. Main outcome measure: Proportion of reviews with various types of major problem. Results: No problems or only minor ones were found in most reviews. Major problems were identified in 15 reviews (29%). The evidence did not fully support the conclusion in nine reviews (17%), the conduct or reporting was unsatisfactory in 12 reviews (23%), and stylistic problems were identified in 12 reviews (23%). The problematic conclusions all gave too favourable a picture of the experimental intervention. Conclusions: Cochrane reviews have previously been shown to be of higher quality and less biased on average than other systematic reviews, but improvement is always possible. The Cochrane Collaboration has taken steps to improve editorial processes and the quality of its reviews. Meanwhile, the Cochrane Library remains a key source of evidence about the effects of healthcare interventions. Its users should interpret reviews cautiously, particularly those with conclusions favouring experimental interventions and those with many typographical errors. What is already known on this topic Cochrane reviews are, on average, more systematic and less biased than systematic reviews published in paper journals Errors and biases also occur in Cochrane reviews What this study adds Too often, reviewers' conclusions over-rated the benefits of new interventions Readers of Cochrane reviews should remain cautious, especially regarding conclusions that favour new interventions The Cochrane Collaboration has taken steps to improve the quality of reviews
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“Systematic reviewers sometimes draw conclusions that are too optimistic [157] or do not consider the harms equally as carefully as the benefits, although some evidence suggests these problems are decreasing [158].”
From The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration (2009) · cites this paper as [157]
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“Systematic reviewers sometimes draw conclusions that are too optimistic [157] or do not consider the harms equally as carefully as the benefits, although some evidence suggests these problems are decreasing [158].”
From The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration (2009) · cites this paper as [157]
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Bigby, M. E., & Williams, H. C. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118357606.ch8 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Olsen, O., Middleton, P., Ezzo, J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Hadhazy, V., Herxheimer, A., Kleijnen, J., & McIntosh, H.
- Affiliations
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Flinders Medical Centre (AU)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Cochrane (GB)
- University of York (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Olsen, Ole
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2001-10-13
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 7317
- Pages
- 829-832
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC57800
- OpenAlex
- W2154762721
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 17.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- review quality, systematic review methodology, reporting quality, editorial quality, Cochrane Library, health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Review Literature as Topic, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias, Evidence-Based Medicine, Databases as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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