Alcohol consumption and mortality: modelling risks for men and women at different ages

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the relation between alcohol consumption and risk of death,the level of alcohol consumption at which risk is least, and how these vary with age and sex Design: Analysis using published systematic reviews and population data Setting: England and Wales in 1997 Main outcome measures: Death from any of the following causes: cancer of lip, oralcavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colon, rectum, liver, larynx, and breast, essential hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, cirrhosis, non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease, chronic pancreatitis,and injuries Results: A direct dose-response relation exists between alcohol consumption and risk of death in women aged 16-54 and in men aged 16-34. At older ages the relation is U shaped. Thelevel at which the risk is lowest increases with age, reaching 3 units a week in women aged over 65 and 8 units a week in men aged over 65. The level at which the risk is increased by 5% above this minimum is 8 units a week in women aged 16-24 and 5 units a week in men aged 16-24, increasing to 20 and 34 units a week in women and men aged over 65,respectively Conclusions: Substantially increased risks of all cause mortality can occur even in people drinking lower than recommended limits, and especially among younger people