The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Five pitfalls in decisions about diagnosis and prescribing
Open accessAbstract
Education and debate Five pitfalls in decisions about diagnosis and prescribingJill G Klein Everyone makes mistakes.But our reliance on cognitive processes prone to bias makes treatment errors more likely than we think ZODIE HAWKINS/TREVILLION Cognitive biases can impair decision makingReferences w1-13 and an example of how we overestimate our knowledge is on bmj.com
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
On the psychology of prediction.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0034747 · Cited by 6,202
Publication prejudices: An experimental study of confirmatory bias in the peer review system
Mahoney, M. J. (1977) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173636 · Cited by 1,013
Medical Heuristics: The Silent Adjudicators of Clinical Practice
McDonald, C. J. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_part_1-199601010-00009 · Cited by 207
Cited by
A Universal Model of Diagnostic Reasoning
Croskerry, P. (2009) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ace703 · Cited by 1,016
Norman, G. R., Monteiro, S. D., Sherbino, J., Ilgen, J. S., Schmidt, H. G., & Mamede, S. (2017) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001421 · Cited by 594
Mamede, S., van Gog, T., van den Berge, K., Rikers, R. M. J. P., van Saase, J. L. C. M., van Guldener, C., & Schmidt, H. G. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1276 · Cited by 374
Cognitive bias in clinical medicine
O'Sullivan, E., & Schofield, S. (2018) · Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · doi:10.4997/jrcpe.2018.306 · Cited by 334
Implicit bias in healthcare: clinical practice, research and decision making
Gopal, D. P., Chetty, U., O'Donnell, P., Gajria, C., & Blackadder-Weinstein, J. (2021) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.7861/fhj.2020-0233 · Cited by 298
How human–AI feedback loops alter human perceptual, emotional and social judgements
Glickman, M., & Sharot, T. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02077-2 · Cited by 289
Condoning stereotyping? How awareness of stereotyping prevalence impacts expression of stereotypes.
Duguid, M. M., & Thomas-Hunt, M. C. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037908 · Cited by 200
Berthet, V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802439 · Cited by 191
Process mapping in healthcare: a systematic review
Antonacci, G., Lennox, L., Barlow, J., Evans, L., & Reed, J. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06254-1 · Cited by 178
Clinical Features Suggestive of Meningitis in Children: A Systematic Review of Prospective Data
Curtis, S., Stobart, K., Vandermeer, B., Simel, D. L., & Klassen, T. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0277 · Cited by 147
Hautz, W. E., Kämmer, J. E., Hautz, S. C., Sauter, T. C., Zwaan, L., Exadaktylos, A. K., Birrenbach, T., Maier, V., Müller, M., & Schauber, S. K. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13049-019-0629-z · Cited by 139
Sokol, K., Fackler, J., & Vogt, J. E. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01725-9 · Cited by 105
Analysing clinical reasoning characteristics using a combined methods approach.
Groves, M., Dick, M.-L., McColl, G., & Bilszta, J. (2013) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-144 · Cited by 22
Common sense or cognitive bias and groupthink: does it belong in our clinical reasoning?
Mailoo, V. (2015) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp15x683173 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, J. G.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2005-03-31
- Volume
- 330
- Issue
- 7494
- Pages
- 781-783
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2084748619
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.