Translating animal research into clinical benefit
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Poor methodological standards in animal studies mean that positive results rarely translate to the clinical domain
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Animal experiments have contributed significantly to understanding the mechanisms of disease.
“In general, animal experiments have contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms of disease, but their value in predicting the effectiveness of treatment strategies has limitations [80,81,82].”
From Space Radiation: The number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit (2014) · cites this paper as [82]
The value of animal experiments in predicting the effectiveness of treatment strategies has limitations.
“In general, animal experiments have contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms of disease, but their value in predicting the effectiveness of treatment strategies has limitations [80,81,82].”
From Space Radiation: The number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit (2014) · cites this paper as [82]
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1,026 Experimental treatments in acute stroke
O’Collins, V. E., Macleod, M. R., Donnan, G. A., Horky, L. L., van der Worp, H. B., & Howells, D. W. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20741 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works
Comparison of Treatment Effects between Animal Experiments and Clinical Trials: Systematic Review
Perel, P., Roberts, I., Sena, E., Wheble, P., Briscoe, C., Sandercock, P., Macleod, M., Mignini, L. E., Jayaram, P., & Khan, K. S. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.be · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Translation of Research Evidence From Animals to Humans
Hackam, D. G., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.14.1731 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Self-citationPooling of Animal Experimental Data Reveals Influence of Study Design and Publication Bias
Macleod, M., O'Collins, T., Howells, D., & Donnan, G. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000125719.25853.20 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?
Pound, P., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Sandercock, P. A., Bracken, M. B., & Roberts, I. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7438.514 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Emergency medicine animal research: does use of randomization and blinding affect the results?
Bebarta, V., Luyten, D., & Heard, K. (2003) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00056.x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Corpet, D. E., & Pierre, F. (2005) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2005.06.006 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of the Efficacy of FK506 in Experimental Stroke
Macleod, M., O'Collins, T., Horky, L. L., Howells, D., & Donnan, G. (2005) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600064 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
What are the implications of optimism bias in clinical research?
Chalmers, I., & Matthews, R. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68153-1 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Surveying the literature from animal experiments
LEMON, R. N., & Dunnett, S. B. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7498.977 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lee, D. S., Nguyen, Q. T., Lapointe, N., Austin, P. C., Ohlsson, A., Tu, J. V., Stewart, D. J., & Rouleau, J. L. (2003) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1054/s1071-9164(03)00125-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?
van der Worp, H. B., Howells, D. W., Sena, E. S., Porritt, M. J., Rewell, S., O'Collins, V., & Macleod, M. R. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works
Space Radiation: The number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit
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Lazic, S. E. (2010) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-5 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Is animal research sufficiently evidence based to be a cornerstone of biomedical research?
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An analysis of the use of animal models in predicting human toxicology and drug safety
Bailey, J., Thew, M., & Balls, M. (2014) · Alternatives to Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1177/026119291404200306 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Limitations in predicting the space radiation health risk for exploration astronauts
Chancellor, J. C., Blue, R. S., Cengel, K. A., Auñón-Chancellor, S. M., Rubins, K. H., Katzgraber, H. G., & Kennedy, A. R. (2018) · npj Microgravity · doi:10.1038/s41526-018-0043-2 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Can animal data predict human outcome? Problems and pitfalls of translational animal research
Martić-Kehl, M. I., Schibli, R., & Schubiger, P. A. (2012) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-012-2175-z · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Systematic reviews of animal experiments demonstrate poor human clinical and toxicological utility
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The ability of animal studies to detect serious post marketing adverse events is limited
van Meer, P. J. K., Kooijman, M., Gispen-de Wied, C. C., Moors, E. H. M., & Schellekens, H. (2012) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.09.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hackam, D. G.
- Corresponding author
- Hackam, Daniel G
- ORCID
- Hackam, Daniel G
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2007-01-25
- Volume
- 334
- Issue
- 7586
- Pages
- 163-164
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC1782020
- OpenAlex
- W2065842651
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Keywords
- animal studies, translational research, clinical translation, methodological standards, animal models, clinical trials, research quality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Animal Experimentation
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