The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complex regional pain syndrome
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic pain condition characterized by autonomic and inflammatory features. It occurs acutely in about 7% of patients who have limb fractures, limb surgery, or other injuries. Many cases resolve within the first year, with a smaller subset progressing to the chronic form. This transition is often paralleled by a change from "warm complex regional pain syndrome," with inflammatory characteristics dominant, to "cold complex regional pain syndrome" in which autonomic features dominate. Multiple peripheral and central mechanisms seem to be involved, the relative contributions of which may differ between individuals and over time. Possible contributors include peripheral and central sensitization, autonomic changes and sympatho-afferent coupling, inflammatory and immune alterations, brain changes, and genetic and psychological factors. The syndrome is diagnosed purely on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. Effective management of the chronic form of the syndrome is often challenging. Few high quality randomized controlled trials are available to support the efficacy of the most commonly used interventions. Reviews of available randomized trials suggest that physical and occupational therapy (including graded motor imagery and mirror therapy), bisphosphonates, calcitonin, subanesthetic intravenous ketamine, free radical scavengers, oral corticosteroids, and spinal cord stimulation may be effective treatments. Multidisciplinary clinical care, which centers around functionally focused therapies is recommended. Other interventions are used to facilitate engagement in functional therapies and to improve quality of life.
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Cites
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Harden, N. R., Bruehl, S., Perez, R. S. G. M., Birklein, F., Marinus, J., Maihofner, C., Lubenow, T., Buvanendran, A., Mackey, S., Graciosa, J., et al. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.030 · Cited by 1,324
Self-citationMoseley, L. G. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.01.006 · Cited by 681
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Practical Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines, 4th Edition
Harden, R. N., Oaklander, A. L., Burton, A. W., Perez, R. S. G. M., Richardson, K., Swan, M., Barthel, J., Costa, B., Graciosa, J. R., & Bruehl, S. (2013) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12033 · Cited by 534
Self-citationComplex Regional Pain Syndromes: Guidelines for Therapy
Stanton-Hicks, M., Baron, R., Boas, R., Gordh, T., Harden, N., Hendler, N., Koltzenburg, M., Raj, P., & Wilder, R. (1998) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199806000-00012 · Cited by 378
Physical therapy and cognitive-behavioral treatment for complex regional pain syndromes
Lee, B. H., Scharff, L., Sethna, N. F., McCarthy, C. F., Scott-Sutherland, J., Shea, A. M., Sullivan, P., Meier, P., Zurakowski, D., Masek, B. J., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.124380 · Cited by 294
Intracellular Signaling in Primary Sensory Neurons and Persistent Pain
Cheng, J.-K., & Ji, R.-R. (2008) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-008-9711-z · Cited by 266
The Natural History of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Schwartzman, R. J., Erwin, K. L., & Alexander, G. M. (2009) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e31818ecea5 · Cited by 191
Development of a severity score for CRPS
Harden, N. R., Bruehl, S., Perez, R. S. G. M., Birklein, F., Marinus, J., Maihofner, C., Lubenow, T., Buvanendran, A., Mackey, S., Graciosa, J., et al. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.031 · Cited by 160
Self-citationStructural brain changes in chronic pain reflect probably neither damage nor atrophy
Rodriguez-Raecke, R., Niemeier, A., Ihle, K., Ruether, W., & May, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054475 · Cited by 141
Cited by
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic primary pain
Nicholas, M., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Giamberardino, M. A., Goebel, A., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001390 · Cited by 1,424
Connelly‐Smith, L., Alquist, C. R., Aqui, N. A., Hofmann, J. C., Klingel, R., Onwuemene, O. A., Patriquin, C. J., Pham, H. P., Sanchez, A. P., Schneiderman, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Apheresis · doi:10.1002/jca.22043 · Cited by 684
Complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review for the practising clinician
Shim, H., Rose, J., Halle, S., & Shekane, P. (2019) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.030 · Cited by 265
Smart, K. M., Wand, B. M., & O'Connell, N. E. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010853.pub2 · Cited by 196
den Hollander, M., Goossens, M., de Jong, J., Ruijgrok, J., Oosterhof, J., Onghena, P., Smeets, R., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000651 · Cited by 155
Metadata
- Authors
- Bruehl, S.
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2015-07-29
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- h2730
- ISSN
- 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2176092399
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 32.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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