An inverse care law for our time
Abstract
Tudor Hart’s seminal essay remains as relevant as ever
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Tudor Hart's inverse care law states that people most in need of health care are least likely to seek it or receive it; the law reflects two mutually-reinforcing phenomena-worse health in deprived localities and barriers to accessing healthcare in those same localities.
“Tudor Hart's (71) inverse care law states that people most in need of health care are least likely to seek it or receive it; the law reflects two mutually-reinforcing phenomena—worse health in deprived localities and barriers to accessing healthcare in those same localities (47, 48, 72, 73).”
From Planning and Evaluating Remote Consultation Services: A New Conceptual Framework Incorporating Complexity and Practical Ethics (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
Cites
Tudor Hart, J. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92410-x · Cited by 3,253 · see citing works
Watt, G. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09466-7 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Changes in councils’ adult social care and overall service spending in England, 2009–10 to 2017–18
Phillips, D., & Simpson, P. (2018) · doi:10.1920/bn.ifs.2019.bn0240 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Warren, P. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k3052 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Greenhalgh, T., Rosen, R., Shaw, S. E., Byng, R., Faulkner, S., Finlay, T., Grundy, E., Husain, L., Hughes, G., Leone, C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.726095 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“…the patient’s identity, values, personality traits, and socio-cultural background—features a sociologist might call habitus (46)—, their health beliefs (44), health literacy and digital literacy, socio-demographic characteristics (47, 48) and their personal experience of illness or disability.”
BackgroundFernandez, R. C., Moore, V. M., Rumbold, A. R., Whitrow, M. J., Avery, J. C., & Davies, M. J. (2021) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deab101 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Marmot, M.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Marmot, Michael
- ORCID
- Marmot, Michael
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2018-07-31
- Volume
- 362
- Pages
- k3216
- ISSN
- 1756-1833 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- OpenAlex
- W2886302815
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation (RG/07/008/23674)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/F02679X/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Services Management and Policy
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Keywords
- inverse care law, health disparities, health care access, social class and health, health policy
- MeSH terms
- Health Services Accessibility, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Public Health, State Medicine, History, 20th Century
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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