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Global trends in incidence, death, burden and risk factors of early-onset cancer from 1990 to 2019
Open accessAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the global burden of early-onset cancer based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study for 29 cancers worldwid. Methods and analysis: Incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and risk factors for 29 early-onset cancer groups were obtained from GBD. Results: Global incidence of early-onset cancer increased by 79.1% and the number of early-onset cancer deaths increased by 27.7% between 1990 and 2019. Early-onset breast, tracheal, bronchus and lung, stomach and colorectal cancers showed the highest mortality and DALYs in 2019. Globally, the incidence rates of early-onset nasopharyngeal and prostate cancer showed the fastest increasing trend, whereas early-onset liver cancer showed the sharpest decrease. Early-onset colorectal cancers had high DALYs within the top five ranking for both men and women. High-middle and middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions had the highest burden of early-onset cancer. The morbidity of early-onset cancer increased with the SDI, and the mortality rate decreased considerably when SDI increased from 0.7 to 1. The projections indicated that the global number of incidence and deaths of early-onset cancer would increase by 31% and 21% in 2030, respectively. Dietary risk factors (diet high in red meat, low in fruits, high in sodium and low in milk, etc), alcohol consumption and tobacco use are the main risk factors underlying early-onset cancers. Conclusion: Early-onset cancer morbidity continues to increase worldwide with notable variances in mortality and DALYs between areas, countries, sex and cancer types. Encouraging a healthy lifestyle could reduce early-onset cancer disease burden.
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“Several studies have demonstrated that the incidence of both melanoma [245–247] and keratinocyte cancer [248] has decreased in younger people and in more recent birth cohorts in some high-risk populations.”
From Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 (2025) · cites this paper as [247]
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Neale, P. J., Hylander, S., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D.-P., Rose, K. C., Vione, D., Wängberg, S.-Å., Jansen, M. A. K., Busquets, R., Andersen, M. P. S., et al. (2025) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x · Cited by 32
“Several studies have demonstrated that the incidence of both melanoma [245–247] and keratinocyte cancer [248] has decreased in younger people and in more recent birth cohorts in some high-risk populations.”
Gut Microbiota–Related Biomarkers in Immuno-Oncology
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhao, J., Xu, L., Sun, J., Song, M., Wang, L., Yuan, S., Zhu, Y., Wan, Z., Larsson, S., Tsilidis, K., Dunlop, M., Campbell, H., Rudan, I., Song, P., Theodoratou, E., Ding, K., & Li, X.
- Affiliations
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Ioannina (GR)
- Edinburgh Cancer Research (GB)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Corresponding author
- Ding, Kefeng
- Li, Xue
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMJ Oncology
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2023-07
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e000049
- ISSN
- 2752-7948 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11235000
- OpenAlex
- W4386450967
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 37.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Project of the regional diagnosis and treatment center of the Health Planning Committee (JBZX-201903)
- CRUK Career Development Fellowship (C31250/A22804)
- Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province (LR22H260001)
- Swedish Heart Lung Foundation (20210351)
- Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden)
- Swedish Research Council (2019-00977)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82204019)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- early-onset cancer, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, disability-adjusted life years, global burden of disease, risk factors, dietary risk factors, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, socio-demographic index, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, incidence projections
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