Long-term effect of physical activity on health-related quality of life among menopausal women: a 4-year follow-up study to a randomised controlled trial
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the long-term effects of physical activity intervention on quality of life (QoL) 4 years after an original randomised controlled trial (RCT). DESIGN: Cohort study after an RCT. SETTING: 95 of the 159 women from the original RCT participated in weight, height and waist circumference measurements, performed the UKK 2 km Walk Test and completed the SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire. Multilevel mixed regression models were performed in order to compare the original and current group in an RCT setting. PARTICIPANTS: There were 159 participants in the original RCT; 2.5 years later, 102 of the women responded to a questionnaire and 4-year after the trial, there were 95 respondents. The inclusion criteria in the original RCT were: being symptomatic, experiencing daily hot flushes, age between 40 and 63 years, not using hormone therapy now or in the past 3 months, sedentary lifestyle and having last menstruated 3-36 months earlier. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Health-related QoL as measured with the SF-36 instrument. RESULTS: Women in the intervention group had a significantly higher probability of improved physical functioning (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.99) as compared with women in the control group. In addition, women in the intervention group had higher odds of good role functioning (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.67), physical health (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.84) and general health (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.62), relative to women in the control group, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Women in the intervention group showed positive long-term effects on physical and mental dimensions of QoL after 4 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN54690027.
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Changes in mental and physical health due to changes in health investments take time to materialise.
“Secondly, changes in mental and physical health due to changes in health investments take time to materialise (see Kim et al., 2012;Will et al., 2001 for cigarette consumption; Mansikkamäki et al., 2015 for physical activity; and Forsman et al., 2011; Umberson and Montez, 2010 for social interactions).”
From The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Mansikkamäki et al., 2015
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The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis
Ohrnberger, J., Fichera, E., & Sutton, M. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.008 · Cited by 967 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mansikkamäki, K., Raitanen, J., Nygård, C.-H., Tomás, E., Rutanen, R., & Luoto, R.
- Affiliations
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences (FI)
- Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute (FI)
- University of Tampere (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Mansikkamäki, Kirsi
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e008232
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4567675
- OpenAlex
- W2306475153
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2016-01-21)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Pirkanmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- physical activity interventions, health-related quality of life, menopausal women, hot flashes, long-term effects, physical function, role functioning, physical health, health status, SF-36, postmenopausal symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Menopause, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Time Factors, Exercise
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