The role of osteopathy in the Swiss primary health care system: a practice review
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe osteopathic activity and scope of practice to understand the current and future role of osteopathy in the Swiss healthcare system. Design: A questionnaire survey that included a patient record-based retrospective clinical audit. Setting/population: Osteopaths with a national diploma (n=1086) were invited by mail to participate in an online survey. Osteopathic assistants (n=84) were identified through their national association. Questionnaire: The survey was constructed from previous surveys and tested for face validity with experts, osteopaths and patient representatives. The questionnaires were completed online in English, German and French between April and August 2017. Osteopaths anonymously reported information about themselves, their practice, and the treatment and care for four randomly selected patients they managed in 2016. Results: The response rate from the survey was 44.5% (521/1171). Data on osteopathic care were collected for 1144 patients and 3449 consultations. In 2016, osteopaths saw approximately 6.8% of the Swiss population for 1700 000 consultations and an overall estimated cost of 200 million Swiss francs. 76% of patients sought care directly without a referral from another care provider. Few osteopaths (<1%) work in a hospital setting and 46% work in isolation in private practice. Infants (under 2 years old) made up 10% of all patients and 9% of patients were ≥65 years. Patients most commonly sought treatment for musculoskeletal conditions (81%) with the spine being the most frequent location (66%). Treatments also included exercise advice (34.2%) and lifestyle management (35.4%). Fewer than 1 patient out of 10 were referred to another health profession or provider. Conclusions: In Switzerland, osteopathic care represents an important first line management for musculoskeletal conditions that alleviates some of the burden of care in the Swiss primary healthcare system.
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Most osteopaths work in isolation, in private practice.
“in general, most osteopaths work in isolation, in private practice [43]”
From 'A Mindful ACT'- testing the feasibility and acceptability of a brief psychosocial intervention designed to accompany osteopathy treatment for people who live with persistent pain. (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
The Results (Working conditions) report that 46.1% of surveyed Swiss osteopaths worked exclusively on their own, so the paper does not support saying most worked in isolation. The demographics table supports the private-practice aspect: 80.4% were self-employed and 53.9% reported an individual-practice setting. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Vaucher, P., Macdonald, M., & Carnes, D.
- Affiliations
- HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Vaucher, Paul
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e023770
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6120650
- OpenAlex
- W2888907779
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 9.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ArODES (HES-SO (https://www.hes-so.ch/)) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Nursing Roles and Practices
- Keywords
- osteopathy, osteopathic practice, primary care, scope of practice, musculoskeletal disorders, spine, exercise recommendations, lifestyle management, referral patterns, Swiss health care system
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Osteopathic Medicine, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Switzerland, Osteopathic Physicians
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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