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Factors associated with the mental health status of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Japan
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on university students, including those in medical schools, with disruption in routine education causing significant psychological distress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with psychological distress among medical students during the period of enforced home quarantine from March through May 2020. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: One Japanese medical school. Participants: 571 medical students. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Self-administered electronic questionnaires including the K-6 scale for psychological distress, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) for self-esteem and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) for self-efficacy were distributed. To assess the determinant factor for psychological distress, variables such as sex, grade in school, living conditions, and RSES and GSES scores were evaluated in regression analysis. Results: 163 respondents (28.5%) scored ≥5 on the K-6 scale, indicating a significant degree of psychological distress. Logistic regression revealed that a higher score on RSES (p<0.001) and GSES (p<0.01) was an independent factor associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis focusing on students with a K-6 score ≥5 revealed that higher scores on RSES correlated with lower levels of psychological distress. By contrast, those with higher GSES scores also scored higher for indicators of psychological distress. Conclusions: This study identified that self-efficacy and self-esteem were both influential factors for predicting psychological distress during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Medical schools should provide support for mental health and educational initiatives directed at enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, with a focus on improving personal resilience. In emergency situations, such as that faced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, initial programmes might target students with higher levels of self-efficacy. By contrast, under routine situations, these efforts should be directed towards students with lower self-esteem as primary means to prevent depression.
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“Moreover, Covid-19 has had a drastic impact on the population’s mental health [40–43], including medical students [44–48].”
From Effectiveness of online mindfulness interventions on medical students’ mental health: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Arima, M., Takamiya, Y., Furuta, A., Siriratsivawong, K., Tsuchiya, S., & Izumi, M.
- Affiliations
- SHOWA Medical University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Arima, Makiko
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e043728
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7733210
- OpenAlex
- W3111932542
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 10.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- medical students, psychological distress, COVID-19 pandemic, self-esteem, self-efficacy, mental health, home quarantine, resilience, depression prevention, student mental health support
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Mental Health, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Students, Medical, Logistic Models, Self Efficacy, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult
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