The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 3 are not checked yet.
A rapid systematic review of measures to protect older people in long-term care facilities from COVID-19
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The global COVID-19 pandemic produced large-scale health and economic complications. Older people and those with comorbidities are particularly vulnerable to this virus, with nursing homes and long term care facilities (LTCF) experiencing significant morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks. The aim of this rapid systematic review was to investigate measures implemented in LTCF to reduce transmission of COVID-19 and their effect on morbidity and mortality of residents, staff and visitors. SETTING: Long-term care facilities. PARTICIPANTS: Residents, staff and visitors of facilities. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Databases and repositories and MedRXiv prepublished database) were systematically searched from inception to 27 July 2020 to identify studies reporting assessment of interventions to reduce transmission of COVID-19 in nursing homes among residents, staff or visitors. Outcome measures include facility characteristics, morbidity data, case fatalities and transmission rates. Due to study quality and heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS: The search yielded 1414 articles, with 38 studies included. Reported interventions include mass testing, use of personal protective equipment, symptom screening, visitor restrictions, hand hygiene and droplet/contact precautions, and resident cohorting. Prevalence rates ranged from 1.2% to 85.4% in residents and 0.6% to 62.6% in staff. Mortality rates ranged from 5.3% to 55.3% in residents. CONCLUSIONS: Novel evidence in this review details the impact of facility size, availability of staff and practices of operating between multiple facilities, and for-profit status of facilities as factors contributing to the size and number of COVID-19 outbreaks. No causative relationships can be determined; however, this review provides evidence of interventions that reduce transmission of COVID-19 in LTCF. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020191569.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Larger care homes, those who used more agency staff, transferred staff between settings, tested less for COVID19 and had less access to personal protective equipment (PPE) had higher levels of infection and mortality.(557)”
From Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission (2024) · cites this paper as [557]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,657
The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers
Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., et al. (2018) · Education for Information · doi:10.3233/efi-180221 · Cited by 4,737
Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline
Campbell, M., McKenzie, J. E., Sowden, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Brennan, S. E., Ellis, S., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Ryan, R., Shepperd, S., Thomas, J., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l6890 · Cited by 4,628
Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility
Arons, M. M., Hatfield, K. M., Reddy, S. C., Kimball, A. A., James, A. E., Jacobs, J. R., Taylor, J., Spicer, K. B., Bardossy, A. C., Oakley, L. P., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2008457 · Cited by 2,077
Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed
Lurie, N., Saville, M., Hatchett, R., & Halton, J. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2005630 · Cited by 1,557
Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington
McMichael, T. M., Currie, D. W., Clark, S., Pogosjans, S., Kay, M. K., Schwartz, N. G., Lewis, J., Baer, A., Kawakami, V., Lukoff, M. D., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2005412 · Cited by 1,368
Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?
Mueller, A. L., McNamara, M. S., & Sinclair, D. A. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103344 · Cited by 1,128
Cited by
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission
Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Liu, K. Y., Costafreda, S. G., Selbæk, G., Alladi, S., Ames, D., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Brayne, C., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01296-0 · Cited by 3,860
Dementia wellbeing and COVID-19: review and expert consensus on current research and knowledge gaps
Liu, K. Y., Howard, R., Banerjee, S., Comas‐Herrera, A., Goddard, J., Knapp, M., Livingston, G., Manthorpe, J., O'Brien, J. T., Paterson, R. W., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5567 · Cited by 87
Digital literacy among Korean older adults: A scoping review of quantitative studies
Kang, H., Baek, J., Chu, S. H., & Choi, J. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231197334 · Cited by 65
Stratil, J. M., Biallas, R., Burns, J., Arnold, L., Geffert, K., Kunzler, A. M., Monsef, I., Stadelmaier, J., Wabnitz, K. J. P., Litwin, T., et al. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015085.pub2 · Cited by 64
Managing the Impact of COVID-19 in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: An Update
Dyer, A. H., Fallon, A., Noonan, C., Dolphin, H., O’Farrelly, C., Bourke, N. M., O’Neill, D. J., & Kennelly, S. (2022) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2022.06.028 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Frazer, K., Mitchell, L., Stokes, D., Lacey, E., Crowley, E., & Kelleher, C. C.
- Affiliations
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Mitchell, Lachlan
- Venue
- BMJ Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e047012
- ISSN
- 2044-6055 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8523961
- OpenAlex
- W3207561172
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMJ Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (acceptedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, long-term care facilities, nursing homes, infection control, transmission prevention, personal protective equipment, large-scale testing, visitor restrictions, hand hygiene, droplet precautions, cohorting, staff infection, facility size
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Humans, Long-Term Care, Nursing Homes, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
