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Cited by 166COVID-19 and Mental HealthChild and Adolescent HealthSocial impacts of COVID-19

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Impact of lockdown and school closure on children’s health and well-being during the first wave of COVID-19: a narrative review

Open access
Rajmil, Luis, Hjern, Anders, Boran, Perran, Gunnlaugsson, Geir, Kraus de Camargo, Olaf, Raman, Shanti·2021·BMJ Paediatrics Open
DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001043PMC PMC8154298
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Abstract

Background: In the context of containment measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the aims were to examine the impact of lockdown and school closures on childs' and adolescents' health and well-being and social inequalities in health. Methods: Literature review by searching five databases until November 2020. We included quantitative peer-reviewed studies reporting health and well-being outcomes in children (0-18 years) related to closure measures' impact due to COVID-19. A pair of authors assessed the risk of bias of included studies. A descriptive and narrative synthesis was carried out. Findings: Twenty-two studies, including high-income, middle-income and low-income countries, fulfilled our search criteria and were judged not to have an increased risk of bias. Studies from Australia, Spain and China showed an increase in depressive symptoms and decrease in life satisfaction. A decrease in physical activity and increase in unhealthy food consumption were shown in studies from two countries. There was a decrease in the number of visits to the emergency department in four countries, an increase in child mortality in Cameroon and a decrease by over 50% of immunisations administered in Pakistan. A significant drop of 39% in child protection medical examination referrals during 2020 compared with the previous years was found in the UK, a decrease in allegations of child abuse and neglect by almost one-third due to school closures in Florida, and an increase in the number of children with physical child abuse trauma was found in one centre in the USA. Interpretation: From available reports, pandemic school closure and lockdown have adverse effects on child health and well-being in the short and probably long term. We urge governments to take the negative public health consequences into account before adopting restrictive measures in childhood.

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  1. Hong QN , Pluye P , bregues S F . Methods, mixed appraisal tool (MMAT), 2018. Can Intellect Prop Off Ind Canada. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10609/93312 [Accessed 20 Jan 2021].

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Metadata

Authors
Rajmil, L., Hjern, A., Boran, P., Gunnlaugsson, G., Kraus de Camargo, O., & Raman, S.
Affiliations
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • Marmara University (TR)
  • University of Iceland (IS)
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
ORCID
Venue
BMJ Paediatrics Open
Publisher
BMJ
Published
2021-05
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
e001043
ISSN
2399-9772 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001043
PMC
PMC8154298
OpenAlex
W3165526214
Cited by
166
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 12
FWCI
4.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMJ Paediatrics Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Dspace Repository (Marmara Üniversitesi) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • MacSphere (McMaster University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social impacts of COVID-19
Keywords
COVID-19 lockdown, school closures, child health, child well-being, adolescents, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, physical activity, unhealthy food consumption, emergency department visits, child mortality, vaccine uptake, child protection, child abuse, health disparities
MeSH terms
Child Health, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Child, Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Schools, Pandemics

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