Catalogue of bias: attrition bias

A Dictionary of Epidemiology

Porta, M. (2026) · doi:10.1093/acref/9780197663639.001.0001 · Cited by 2,175

Sample size slippages in randomised trials: exclusions and the lost and wayward.

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Dumville, J. C., Torgerson, D. J., & Hewitt, C. E. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7547.969 · Cited by 443

Tranexamic acid for upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Randomized controlled trial of hip protectors among women living in the community

Birks, Y., Porthouse, J., Addie, C., Loughney, K., Saxon, L., Baverstock, M., Francis, R., Reid, D., Watt, I., Torgerson, D. J., et al. (2004) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-004-1599-0 · Cited by 86

Attrition analysed in five waves of a longitudinal yearly survey of smokers: findings from the ITC Netherlands survey

Zethof, D., Nagelhout, G. E., de Rooij, M., Driezen, P., Fong, G. T., van den Putte, B., Hummel, K., de Vries, H., Thompson, M. E., & Willemsen, M. C. (2016) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckw037 · Cited by 30

Recruitment and retention strategies and the examination of attrition bias in a randomised controlled trial in children’s centres serving families in disadvantaged areas of England

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Cardiac patients who completed a longitudinal psychosocial study had a different clinical and psychosocial baseline profile than patients who dropped out prematurely

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The Evidence Behind Dietary Guidelines: Evolution, Consumers’ Trust and PerceptionsPreprint

Agostoni, C. V., Boccia, S., Graffigna, G., Slavin, J. L., & Szajewska, H. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0663.v1 · Cited by 4

A family-centred core outcome set for infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip undergoing brace treatment

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Herbal galactagogues to improve breastmilk production and lactation in mothers of preterm babies: a systematic review of clinical trials

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Exercise and Cardioprotection in Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study

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Do Internet Penetration and Online Censorship Levels Affect Long-Term Repression Success in Street Protest Prevention?

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Qualitative Pilot Interventions for the Enhancement of Mental Health Support in Doctoral Students

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The Effect of Early Post‐Operative Outpatient Physiotherapy on Outcomes Following Lower Limb Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

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Evaluating the use of text-message reminders and personalised text-message reminders on the return of participant questionnaires in trials, a systematic review and meta-analysis

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The mediating role of depression in the association between health-related quality of life and suicidal ideation in adolescents: findings from a longitudinal study

Preisig, M., Häberling, I. S., Smigielski, L., Emery, S., Baumgartner, N., Albermann, M., Strumberger, M. A., Schmeck, K., Wöckel, L., Erb, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2025.1567387 · Cited by 2

A pilot feasibility and acceptability evaluation of Trans Care: A CBPR digital health intervention for transgender and nonbinary adults experiencing gender dysphoria

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Health-related quality of life in patients receiving medicinal cannabis: systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research findings 2015–2025

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Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Iran: A Scoping Review of the Outcome Literature

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Enclosing a pen in a postal questionnaire follow-up to increase response rate: a study within a trial

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Randomized Controlled Trials and the Efficacy of Psychotropic Medications

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A Longitudinal Investigation of a Partial SMEC in a Sample of University Students

Poškus, M. S. (2023) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13010015 · Cited by 2

Head and neck cancer patients with geriatric deficits are more often non-responders and lost from follow-up in quality of life studies

de Vries, J., Vermue, D. J., Sidorenkov, G. A., Festen, S., Langendijk, J. A., de Bock, G. H., & Halmos, G. B. (2024) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-024-08528-w · Cited by 2

Unveiling the associations between self-reported morbidities and the constitutional-Chinese medicine questionnaire in the Taiwan Biobank: A cross-sectional association study

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Interactive effects of disruptive environmental events and job characteristics on job engagement: Integrating event- and feature-oriented approaches

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Evaluation of Risks of Bias in Addiction Medicine Randomized Controlled Trials

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Reliability, minimum detectable change and sociodemographic biases of selected neuropsychological tests among people living with HIV in south-eastern Nigeria

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The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Interventional Trials in Mainland China: A Continuous Challenge

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Modeling rates of trial attrition: an analysis of individual participant data from 90 randomized controlled trials of pharmacological interventions for multiple conditions

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Contribution of accumulative affective problems across the life course towards the association of childhood socioeconomic position with later-life cognitive ageing

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A cross‐sectional study exploring associations between psychological safety, employee turnover intention and feedback skills in veterinary organisations

Oginska, O., McArthur, M., Zadow, A. J., Gibson, N., & Cake, M. A. (2026) · Veterinary Record · doi:10.1002/vetr.70498 · Cited by 2

Clinicopathological features, management, and treatment outcome of prostate cancer in West and Central Africa: a systematic review

Posite, C. M., Wabinga, H., Atwine, R., Leo, I., Tumwesigire, S., Tadesse, B. L., Santos, M. B., Ahmed, S. E., & USMAN, I. M. (2026) · African Journal of Urology · doi:10.1186/s12301-026-00556-8 · Cited by 1

Randomized Controlled Trials and the Efficacy of Psychotropic Medications

Dunlop, B. W., & Ribeiro, C. M. D. F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_4-1 · Cited by 2

Dropout rates in controlled trials with exergames for blood pressure management: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Lourenço, C. L. M., Barbosa, A. R., Meneghini, V., & Gerage, A. M. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.27e0250 · Cited by 1

Unveiling Emerging Avenues in Antiviral Research: Navigating Clinical Trials and Regulatory Landscapes

Tazerji, S. S., Hajipour, P., Duarte, P. M., Hesham, A. M., Alshater, H., El-Nakeep, S. A. K., & Fawzy, M. (2024) · Livestock diseases and management · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9195-2_17 · Cited by 1

Honey dressings for diabetic foot ulcers: overview of evidence-based practice for novice researchers

Foster, J. L., & McNaughton, A. (2020) · British Journal of Community Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.sup9.s14 · Cited by 1

Shunts and the Single Right Ventricle

Kutty, S., & Danford, D. A. (2019) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.118.008711 · Cited by 1

Comment on: “Outcomes of minor versus major papilla rendez-vous for EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage”

Hassan, S., Abdullah, M. H., Kumar, S., & Khatri, M. (2024) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2024.06.007 · Cited by 1

Maintaining community-based cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa: An evaluation of participant attrition in SchistoTrackPreprint

Puthur, C., Nabatte, B., Tinkitina, B., Kabatereine, N. B., & Chami, G. F. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.24314711 · Cited by 1

Methodological and reporting issues in a randomised controlled trial: Comment on de la Fuente et al (2020)

O’Halloran, P. D. (2020) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103585

Objective Outcome Measures in Randomized Clinical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Risk of Opioid Overdose Following Discharge From the Emergency Department: Utility of Administrative Data Linkage

Jacka, B. P., Beaudoin, F. L., Li, Y., Nimaja, E., Yedinak, J. L., Samuels, E. A., & Marshall, B. D. L. (2020) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000705

Effect of right censoring bias on survival analysisPreprint

Barrajón, E., & Barrajón, L. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2012.08649 · Cited by 10

Patient characteristics associated with retention in an asthma self-management trial for older adults

Kee, D. P., O’Conor, R. M., Wisnivesky, J. P., Wolf, M. S., & Federman, A. D. (2021) · Journal of Asthma · doi:10.1080/02770903.2021.1941090

Assessment of the Risk of Bias

Moon, K., & Rao, S. C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71921-0_4

Essais contrôlés randomisés : quelques clés méthodologiques pour comprendre

Gauvain, C. (2021) · Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités · doi:10.1016/s1877-1203(21)00097-5 · Cited by 1

Fundamentos Para La Elaboración De Artículos Científicos En Trauma Y Cuidado Agudo De Emergencias (Parte 5-A): Bases Y Fundamentaciones De Metodología Estadística

Clavijo, A., Parra, D. M. S., Ávila, J. P., Urrego, D., & Rubiano, A. M. (2022) · Panamerican Journal of Trauma Critical Care & Emergency Surgery · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1365

Enhancing opportunistic recruitment and retention in primary care trials: lessons learned from a qualitative study embedded in the Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection (CUTI) feasibility trial

Gbinigie, O. A., Boylan, A. R., Butler, C., Heneghan, C. J., & Tonkin-Crine, S. K. (2022) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01796-7

Research Priorities and Practice

Wilkins, A. J., & Evans, B. J. W. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-03930-0_12

Cohorte de niños menores de 1 año de edad en Huancavelica Y Loreto, Perú: metodología del estudio

Gonzales-Achuy, E., Morales-Cahuancama, B., Quispe-Gala, C., Antonio, G. S., Hinojosa-Mamani, P., Solis, G., Bautista-Olórtegui, W., & Aparco, J. P. (2022) · Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) · doi:10.30554/archmed.22.1.4183.2022

Knowledge of the administration of medications among undergraduate nursing students in selected clinical sites in Kenya

Mtuankure, J. M., Mutisya, A. K., & Githemo, G. (2023) · African Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ajhs.v35i6.10

Peer Review Report For: Enclosing a pen in a postal questionnaire follow-up to increase response rate: a study within a trial [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Fairhurst, C. M., Parkinson, G., Hewitt, C., et al. (2023) · NIHR Open Research · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14450.r29002

Peer Review Report For: Enclosing a pen in a postal questionnaire follow-up to increase response rate: a study within a trial [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Fairhurst, C. M., Parkinson, G., Hewitt, C., et al. (2023) · University of Aberdeen · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14450.r28906

Peer Review Report For: Enclosing a pen in a postal questionnaire follow-up to increase response rate: a study within a trial [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Fairhurst, C. M., Parkinson, G., Hewitt, C., et al. (2023) · University of Aberdeen · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14559.r29183

Enclosing a pen in a postal questionnaire follow-up to increase response rate: a study within a trial

Fairhurst, C. M., Parkinson, G., Hewitt, C. E., Maturana, C., Wiley, L., Rose, F., Torgerson, D. J., Hugill-Jones, J., Booth, A., Bissell, L. J. L., et al. (2023) · NIHR Open Research · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13324.2

A systematic review of the effectiveness of the use of the Activator Adjusting Instrument in treating spinal pain

Melvill, R. P. (2023) · doi:10.51415/10321/4907

Letter to the editor regarding “Impact of age on mechanical thrombectomy and clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke”

Chaychi, M. T. M., Muzammil, M. A., & Ahmed, M. K. (2023) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107330

Executive Functioning in Females Living With Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study

Guitar, N. A., Connelly, D. M., Murray, L. L., & Hunter, S. W. (2023) · Journal of Women s & Pelvic Health Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/jwh.0000000000000281

Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioural Coaching Programme for Secondary School Students

Friedel, C. (2024) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.25263076 · Cited by 1

MedAlisto: A Collaborative Intervention Program with FDA-CDRR for Adverse Drug Effect Reporting Among Community Pharmacies in Davao City

Dingding, S. O., Adlaon, P. , Arias, C. , Sarabosing, J. G., Ascarez, Y. , Andres, R. , Ascarez, Y. , & Faller, E. M. (2024) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.19722

Prenatal intention to human milk feed in the native Hawaiian population: predictors of any human milk feeding from birth to six months postpartum

Murray, M., Kai, J., Dentinger, A., Kaplan, L. R., Roman, M., O’Brien, E. C., Kearney, J. F., Kaneshiro, B., Zhu, F. M., & Fialkowski, M. K. (2024) · International Breastfeeding Journal · doi:10.1186/s13006-024-00660-x

Not “that kind” of doctor: an exploratory study on Doctor of Physical Therapy-patient introductions in the United States

Martino, J., Smoliga, J. M., & Mabry, L. M. (2024) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2024.2396706

What do older women want from a physical activity program? Stakeholder consultation to optimise design and recruitment for the Active Women over 50 trial

Haynes, A. S., Wallbank, G., Gilchrist, H., Sherrington, C., West, C. A., Oliveira, J. S., O'Rourke, S. D., & Tiedemann, A. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20345-8

Research Priorities and Practice

Wilkins, A. J., & Evans, B. J. W. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65568-5_12

Sources of Bias When Assessing Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Performance: A Narrative Review

Martins, A. M., Juan, L. F. V., Santos, M., & Martins, J. P. (2025) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68949-9_16

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Poploski, K. M., Smith, C., & Popchak, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65430-6_116-1 · Cited by 1

Feasibility of a Guided Web-Based Procrastination Intervention for College Students: an Open Trial (Preprint)Preprint

Ozmen, S., Amarnath, A., de Wit, L. M., van Klaveren, C., Cuijpers, P. J., van Straten, A., & Struijs, S. Y. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.72896

Conducting a Continuing Education Course for Healthcare Professionals on LGBT+ Healthcare Assistance Using a M-Health Solution: A Pilot Study

Dullius, W. R., O’Keefe-McCarthy, S., McCleary, L., Grace, D., & Scortegagna, S. A. (2025) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2025.2507889

Feasibility of a Guided Web-Based Procrastination Intervention for College Students: Open Trial

Ozmen, S., Amarnath, A., de Wit, L. M., van Klaveren, C., Cuijpers, P. J., van Straten, A., & Struijs, S. Y. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/72896 · Cited by 1

Community prevalence of at-risk state for bipolar disorder: Validation of the Korean version of Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Interview and Scale-Abbreviated Screen for Patients (BPSS-AS-P)

Lee, J., Lee, T. Y., & Correll, C. U. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104669

El sesgo de selección limita la validez externa. Ensayo clínico sobre efectividad de una herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones

Pérez, Á. B., López, Á. V., & Puche, J. F. M. (2022) · Actualización en Medicina de Familia · doi:10.55783/amf.s180301

Lost to follow-up in randomized clinical trials on long-term patient management following stroke: A cross-sectional survey

Du, P., Qin, M., Liu, Y., Pang, X., Wang, S., Li, Y., Gao, J., Xu, Z., & Zhang, C. (2025) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/17474930251394853

Dyadic attachment-based therapies for infants and young children with mental health problems: a scoping review

Matheson, K. M., de Schaetzen, C., Li, A., Sheridan, N., Holahan, A.-L. V., Tighe, A. B., Salamatmanesh, M., Vloet, M., Cloutier, P., Helleman, A., et al. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00981-7

The Romantic Psychopath? Investigating How Psychopathic Traits and Stalking Victimization Apply to the Context of Romantic Relationships

Collins, L., Tzani, C., Ioannou, M., Wiliams, T. J. V., Lester, D., Rogers, L., & Synnott, J. (2025) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2025.2588612

Schizophrenia is a family matter – but which interventions are helpful?

Shaw, M. (2025) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2025.10166

Las publicaciones médicas por dentro

de Antioquia, U., & Jaimes, F. A. (2025) · Editorial Universidad de Antioquia eBooks · doi:10.17533/udea.978-958-501-247-9

COVID-19 diagnosis within five days of symptoms onset among healthcare workers in Malawi; Non-randomized control trial of self-testing using Ag-RDTs

Banda, C. K., Lora, W., Ngwira, L. G., Dunkley, Y., Nightingale, E., Mwenelupembe, H., Chilongosi, R., Bonnet, G., Desmond, N., Corbett, E. L., et al. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0005604

When I use a word . . . Lists of biases and a catalogue

Aronson, J. K. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.r2670

Additional file 1 of Potential types of bias when estimating causal effects in environmental research and how to interpret them

Konno, K., Gibbons, J., Lewis, R., & Pullin, A. S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26677886

Additional file 2 of Potential types of bias when estimating causal effects in environmental research and how to interpret them

Konno, K., Gibbons, J., Lewis, R., & Pullin, A. S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26677889

Additional file 1 of Enhancing opportunistic recruitment and retention in primary care trials: lessons learned from a qualitative study embedded in the Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection (CUTI) feasibility trial

Gbinigie, O. A., Boylan, A.-M., Butler, C. C., Heneghan, C. J., & Tonkin-Crine, S. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20382024

Additional file 5 of Enhancing opportunistic recruitment and retention in primary care trials: lessons learned from a qualitative study embedded in the Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection (CUTI) feasibility trial

Gbinigie, O. A., Boylan, A.-M., Butler, C. C., Heneghan, C. J., & Tonkin-Crine, S. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20382036

Additional file 3 of Enhancing opportunistic recruitment and retention in primary care trials: lessons learned from a qualitative study embedded in the Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection (CUTI) feasibility trial

Gbinigie, O. A., Boylan, A.-M., Butler, C. C., Heneghan, C. J., & Tonkin-Crine, S. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20382030

Additional file 2 of Enhancing opportunistic recruitment and retention in primary care trials: lessons learned from a qualitative study embedded in the Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection (CUTI) feasibility trial

Gbinigie, O. A., Boylan, A.-M., Butler, C. C., Heneghan, C. J., & Tonkin-Crine, S. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20382027

Additional file 4 of Enhancing opportunistic recruitment and retention in primary care trials: lessons learned from a qualitative study embedded in the Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection (CUTI) feasibility trial

Gbinigie, O. A., Boylan, A.-M., Butler, C. C., Heneghan, C. J., & Tonkin-Crine, S. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20382033

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