From comic relief to real understanding; how intestinal gas causes symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Gas content and transit appear to conspire with the motor and sensory responses of the gut to produce gas related symptoms, both in normal individuals and especially in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In relation to gas in IBS, two questions need to be addressed: do IBS patients produce more gas and what are the relationships between intestinal gas and symptoms? The balance of evidence seems to indicate that distension is a real phenomenon in IBS and that such distension accurately reflects gas content. More problematic is extrapolation of the observations relating symptoms to gas transit and retention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Eradication of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Pimentel, M., Chow, E. J., & Lin, H. C. (2000) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03368.x · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Hungin, A. P. S., Whorwell, P. J., Tack, J. F., & Mearin, F. (2003) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01456.x · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Pimentel, M., Chow, E. J., & Lin, H. C. (2003) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07234.x · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Nobaek, S., Johansson, M.-L., Molin, G., Ahrné, S., & Jeppsson, B. (2000) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02015.x · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Epidemiology of colonic symptoms and the irritable bowel syndrome
Talley, N. J., Zinsmeister, A. R., van Dyke, C., & Melton, L. J. (1991) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(91)90717-y · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Abnormal colonic fermentation in irritable bowel syndrome
King, T. S., Elia, M., & Hunter, J. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02146-1 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Impaired transit and tolerance of intestinal gas in the irritable bowel syndrome
Serra, J. (2001) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.48.1.14 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
The Role of Intestinal Gas in Functional Abdominal Pain
Lasser, R. B., Bond, J. H., & Levitt, M. D. (1975) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197509112931103 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
(1982) · PubMed · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Visceral hypersensitivity: facts, speculations, and challenges
Camilleri, M., COULIE, B., & Tack, J. F. (2001) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.48.1.125 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Symptoms and Visceral Perception in Patients With Pain-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Lembo, T., Naliboff, B., Munakata, J., Fullerton, S., Saba, L., Tung, S., Schmulson, M., & Mayer, E. A. (1999) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01009.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Volume and Composition of Human Intestinal Gas Determined by Means of an Intestinal Washout Technic
Levitt, M. D. (1971) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197106242842502 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Sensation of bloating and visible abdominal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Chang, L., Lee, O. Y., Naliboff, B. D., Schmulson, M. J., & Mayer, E. A. (2001) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05336.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Lipid-induced intestinal gas retention in irritable bowel syndrome
Serra, J., Salvioli, B., Azpiroz, F., & Malagelada, J. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.35394 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Intestinal gas dynamics and tolerance in humans
Serra, J., Azpiroz, F., & Malagelada, J. (1998) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70133-7 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Enhanced perception of physiological intestinal motility in the irritable bowel syndrome
Kellow, J. E., Eckersley, G. M., & Jones, M. P. (1991) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(91)90400-f · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Prokinetic effects in patients with intestinal gas retention
Caldarella, M. P., Serra, J., Azpiroz, F., & Malagelada, J. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.33658 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Koide, A., Yamaguchi, T., Odaka, T., Koyama, H., Tsuyuguchi, T., KITAHARA, H., Ohto, M., & Saisho, H. (2000) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02189.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Intestinal motility in irritable bowel syndrome: Is IBS a motility disorder?
McKee, D. P., & Quigley, E. M. M. (1993) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01296097 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationMaxton, D. G., Martin, D. F., Whorwell, P. J., & Godfrey, M. (1991) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.32.6.662 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Mechanisms of intestinal gas retention in humans: impaired propulsion versus obstructed evacuation
Serra, J., Azpiroz, F., & Malagelada, J.-R. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g138 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Ranking of symptoms by patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
Maxton, D. G., Morris, J. A., & Whorwell, P. J. (1989) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6708.1138 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Intestinal gas distribution determines abdominal symptoms
Harder, H. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.12.1708 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Intestinal motility in irritable bowel syndrome: Is IBS a motility disorder?
McKee, D. P., & Quigley, E. M. M. (1993) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01296098 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationLewis, M. J. V., Reilly, B., Houghton, L. A., & Whorwell, P. J. (2001) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.48.2.216 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Haderstorfer, B., Psycholgin, D., Whitehead, W. E., & Schuster, M. M. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Studies of a Flatulent Patient
Levitt, M. D., Lasser, R. B., Schwartz, J. S. J., & Bond, J. H. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197607292950507 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Response to intraluminal gas in irritable bowel syndrome
Galati, J., McKee, D. P., & Quigley, E. M. M. (1995) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02065555 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationSerra, J., Azpiroz, F., & Malagelada, J. (2002) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05976.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effect of dietary fiber on intestinal gas production and small bowel transit time in man
Bond, J. H., & Levitt, M. D. (1978) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/31.10.s169 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Spollett, G. R. (1989) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/00006205-198908000-00007 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
BLOATED IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME DEFINED BY DYNAMIC 99mTc BRAN SCAN
Trotman, I. F., & Price, C. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90053-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth, celiac disease, and IBS: what are the real associations?
O’Leary, C., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2003) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07395.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationFollow-up of a flatulent patient
Sutalf, L. O., & Levitt, M. D. (1979) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf01333712 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wyatt, G. M., Bayliss, C. E., Lakey, A. F., Bradley, H. K., Hunter, J. O., & Jones, V. A. (1988) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00222615-26-4-295 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Disturbances in small bowel motility
Quigley, E. M. M. (1999) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/bega.1999.0034 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Problem of Gas in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Whorwell, P. J. (2000) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02169.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Quigley, E. M. M. (2002) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-002-0048-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLea, R., Houghton, L. A., Reilly, B., & Whorwell, P. J. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)80072-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [3]3. Maxton DG, Whorwell PJ. Abdominal distension in the irritable bowel syndrome: the patient's perspective. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992;101:927-34.
- [9]9. Levitt MD. Volume and composition of human intestinal gas. N Engl J Med 1975;293:524-6.
- [34]34. Quigley EMM. The role of gas in IBS. In: Camilleri M, Spiller RC, eds. Irritable bowel syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 2002:77-84.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
O’Mahony, L., McCarthy, J., Kelly, P., Hurley, G., Luo, F., Chen, K., O’Sullivan, G. C., Kiely, B., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., et al. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.050 · Cited by 1,448 · see citing works
Self-citationWhorwell, P. J., Altringer, L., Morel, J., Bond, Y., Charbonneau, D., O'Mahony, L., Kiely, B., Shanahan, F., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00734.x · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Self-citationAmerican Gastroenterological Association Technical Review on the Evaluation of Dyspepsia
Talley, N. J., Vakil, N. B., & Moayyedi, P. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.020 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
GUYONNET, D., CHASSANY, O., DUCROTTE, P., PICARD, C., MOURET, M., MERCIER, C. ‐., & MATUCHANSKY, C. (2007) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03362.x · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Sarosiek, I., Selover, K., KATZ, L. A., Semler, J. R., Wilding, G. E., Lackner, J. M., Sitrin, M. D., Kuo, B., Chey, W. D., Hasler, W. L., et al. (2009) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04162.x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The role of colonic metabolism in lactose intolerance
He, T., Venema, K., Priebe, M. G., Welling, G. W., Brummer, R. J., & Vonk, R. J. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01966.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Talley, N. J. (2006) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01217.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Effect of Red Pepper on Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Preliminary Study
Bortolotti, M., & Porta, S. (2011) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1740-9 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Changing face of irritable bowel syndrome
Quigley, E. M. M. (2006) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i1.1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationGijsbers, C. F. M., Kneepkens, C. M. F., & Büller, H. A. (2012) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02721.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Quigley, E. M. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000348 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationŠmid, A., Strniša, L., Bajc, K., Vujić-Podlipec, D., Matijašić, B. B., & Rogelj, I. (2016) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.031 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Germs, Gas and the Gut; the Evolving Role of the Enteric Flora in IBS
Quigley, E. M. M. (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00445.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationBugs on the brain; brain in the gut—seeking explanations for common gastrointestinal symptoms
Quigley, E. M. M. (2012) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-012-0865-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Use of Probiotics in Functional Bowel Disease
Quigley, E. M. M. (2005) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2005.05.008 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationBloating and Abdominal Distention: Not So Poorly Understood Anymore!
Simrén, M. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.023 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Computed Tomography Assessment of Intestinal Gas Volumes in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Williams, S. R. M., Laughlin, P. D. M., O'Connor, O. J., Desmond, A. N., Laoíre, Á. N., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E. M. M., & Maher, M. M. (2012) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm.2012.18.4.419 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationQuigley, E. M. M. (2008) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.10.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Acute Hyperglycemia on Intestinal Gas Transit and Tolerance in Nondiabetic Humans
Harder, H., Hernando-Harder, A. C., Franke, A., Krammer, H.-J., & Singer, M. V. (2005) · Digestion · doi:10.1159/000086142 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bacillus coagulans (PROBACI) in treating constipation-dominant functional bowel disorders
Chang, C., Chen, M.-J., Shih, S., Chang, C.-W., Chiau, J. C., Lee, H., Lin, Y., Lin, W., & Wang, H. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020098 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Talley, N. J. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6189-2.00118-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Quigley, E. M. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802189-7.00039-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationOgami, J., Ono, S., Naka, N., Watanuki, K., & Ishida, S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nutritional interventions focusing on gastrointestinal and metabolic health
Salden (2017) · doi:10.26481/dis.20170317bs · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children
(2018) · American Academy of Pediatrics eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610021494-part05-chronic_abdominal_pa · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Exposome Signatures of Gastrointestinal Disorders Among Active Duty Service Members
Maldonado, C. J., White-Phillip, J. A., Liu, Y., & Choi, Y. S. (2024) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usae036 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lactose intolerance: the role of colonic metabolism
He, T. (2006) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dietary Interventions and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Thomas, A., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802304-4.00020-7
Self-citationChronic Abdominal Pain in Children
(2016) · American Academy of Pediatrics eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610020190-part05-chronic
Bloating and Abdominal Distention
Houghton, L. A., & Ford, A. C. (2019) · Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.66003-8
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-343756530-4.50015-4
- Authors
- Quigley, E. M. M.
- Affiliations
- Cork University Hospital (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Quigley, E M M
- ORCID
- Quigley, E M M
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2003-11-21
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1659.1-1661
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC1773900
- OpenAlex
- W2119208124
- Semantic Scholar
- 5043e713289dc25cdbe18c992e3e84c5834c93af
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- intestinal gas, irritable bowel syndrome, distension, gas transit, gas retention, intestinal motility
- MeSH terms
- Eructation, Flatulence, Gases, Gastrointestinal Transit, Humans, Intestines, Sensation, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review