Rheumatic heart disease echocardiographic screening: approaching practical and affordable solutions
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) affects at least 32.9 million people worldwide and ranks as a leading cause of death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Echocardiographic screening has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for early RHD detection, and holds potential for global RHD control. However, national screening programmes have not emerged. Major barriers to implementation include the lack of human and financial resources in LMICs. Here, we focus on recent research advances that could make echocardiographic screening more practical and affordable, including handheld echocardiography devices, simplified screening protocols and task shifting of echocardiographic screening to non-experts. Additionally, we highlight some important remaining questions before echocardiographic screening can be widely recommended, including demonstration of cost-effectiveness, assessment of the impact of screening on children and communities, and determining the importance of latent RHD. While a single strategy for echocardiographic screening in all high-prevalence areas is unlikely, we believe recent advancements are bringing the public health community closer to developing sustainable programmes for echocardiographic screening.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Task-shifting ultrasound performance away from formally-trained sonographers and physicians to non-experts, while maintaining high quality imaging, helps establish a sustainable and cost-effective telemedicine program.
“Task-shifting ultrasound performance away from formally-trained sonographers and physicians to non-experts, while maintaining high quality imaging, helps establish a sustainable and cost-effective telemedicine program (47).”
From Tele-Ultrasound in Resource-Limited Settings: A Systematic Review (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
Cites
Vos, T., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulkader, R. S., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32154-2 · Cited by 13,220 · see citing works
Self-citationMurray, C. J. L., Vos, T., Lozano, R., Naghavi, M., Flaxman, A. D., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61689-4 · Cited by 8,888 · see citing works
Vos, T., Barber, R. M., Bell, B., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Biryukov, S., Bolliger, I., Charlson, F., Davis, A., Degenhardt, L., Dicker, D., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 · Cited by 6,414 · see citing works
Self-citationThe global burden of group A streptococcal diseases
Carapetis, J. R., Steer, A. C., Mulholland, E. K., & Weber, M. (2005) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70267-x · Cited by 3,001 · see citing works
Reményi, B., Wilson, N. J., Steer, A. C., Ferreira, B., Kado, J. H., Kumar, K., Lawrenson, J., Maguire, G. P., Marijon, É., Mirabel, M., et al. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.7 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease Detected by Echocardiographic Screening
Marijon, É., Ou, P., Celermajer, D. S., Ferreira, B., Mocumbi, A. O., Jani, D. N., Paquet, C., Jacob, S., Sidi, D., & Jouven, X. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa065085 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Bland, E. F., & JONES, D. (1951) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.4.6.836 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Joshi, R., Alim, M., Kengne, A. P., Jan, S., Maulik, P. K., Peiris, D., & Patel, A. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103754 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Report of a WHO Expert Committee
NATORI, M. (1986) · Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering · doi:10.5956/jriet.15.734 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Echocardiography Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Ugandan Schoolchildren
Beaton, A., Okello, E., Lwabi, P. S., Mondo, C. K., McCarter, R., & Sable, C. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.092312 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Morbidity of Cardiac Nondisease in Schoolchildren
Bergman, A. B., & Stamm, S. J. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196705042761804 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Rothenbühler, M., O'Sullivan, C. J., Stortecky, S., Stefanini, G. G., Spitzer, E., Estill, J. A. M., Shrestha, N. R., Keiser, O., Jüni, P., & Pilgrim, T. (2014) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(14)70310-9 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Children and Young Adults in Nicaragua
Paar, J. A., Berrios, N. M., Rose, J. D., Cáceres, M., Peña, R., Pérez, W., Chen-Mok, M., Jolles, E., & Dale, J. B. (2010) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.01.364 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Saxena, A., Ramakrishnan, S., Roy, A., Seth, S., Krishnan, A., Misra, P., Kalaivani, M., Bhargava, B., Flather, M. D., & Poole-Wilson, P. A. (2011) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300792 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Carapetis, J. R., Hardy, M., Fakakovikaetau, T., et al. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1185 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Tompkins, D. G., Boxerbaum, B., & Liebman, J. (1972) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.45.3.543 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Group A streptococcal infections in children
Steer, A. C., Danchin, M. H., & Carapetis, J. R. (2007) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01051.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Rheumatic Heart Disease Screening by Echocardiography
Marijon, É., Celermajer, D. S., Tafflet, M., El-Haou, S., Jani, D. N., Ferreira, B., Mocumbi, A. O., Paquet, C., Sidi, D., & Jouven, X. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.849190 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Handheld echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease by non-experts
Ploutz, M. S., Lu, J. C., Scheel, J. N., Webb, C. L., Ensing, G. J., Aliku, T. O., Lwabi, P. S., Sable, C., & Beaton, A. Z. (2015) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308236 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening for rheumatic heart disease: current approaches and controversies
Roberts, K., Colquhoun, S., Steer, A. C., Reményi, B., & Carapetis, J. R. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.157 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in 4720 asymptomatic scholars from South Africa and Ethiopia
Engel, M. E., Haileamlak, A., Zuhlke, L. J., Lemmer, C. E., Nkepu, S., van de Wall, M., Daniel, W., King, M. S., & Mayosi, B. M. (2015) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307444 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in High and Low Risk Australian Children
Roberts, K., Maguire, G. P., Brown, A. D. H., Atkinson, D. N., Reményi, B., Wheaton, G. R., Kelly, A., Kumar, R., Su, J., & Carapetis, J. R. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.003495 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Estimates of the global burden of rheumatic heart disease
Zühlke, L. J., & Steer, A. C. (2013) · Global Heart · doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2013.08.008 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The utility of handheld echocardiography for early rheumatic heart disease diagnosis: a field study
Beaton, A., Lu, J. C., Aliku, T. O., Dean, P. N., Gaur, L., Weinberg, J. G., Godown, J. A., Lwabi, P. S., Mirembe, G., Okello, E., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeu296 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Utility of Handheld Echocardiography for Early Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease
Beaton, A., Aliku, T. O., Okello, E., Lubega, S., McCarter, R., Lwabi, P. S., & Sable, C. (2013) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2013.09.013 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening for Rheumatic Heart Disease
Mirabel, M., Bacquelin, R., Tafflet, M., Robillard, C., Huon, B., Corsenac, P., de Frémicourt, I., Narayanan, K., Meunier, J., Noël, B., et al. (2015) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.114.002324 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Okello, E., Wanzhu, Z., Musoke, C., Aliku, T. O., Kakande, B., Lwabi, P. S., Wilson, N. B., Mondo, C. K., Odoi‐Adome, R., & Freers, J. (2013) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2013-004 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Nordet, P. (1992) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Strasser, T., Dondog, N., El Kholy, A., et al. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Simplified Rheumatic Heart Disease Screening Criteria for Handheld Echocardiography
Lu, J. C., Sable, C., Ensing, G. J., Webb, C. L., Scheel, J. N., Aliku, T. O., Lwabi, P. S., Godown, J. A., & Beaton, A. (2015) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2015.01.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationWebb, R., Wilson, N. J., LENNON, D. R., et al. (2011) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951111000266 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease: Age matters
Kane, A. D., Mirabel, M., Touré, K., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.10.090 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Steer, A. C., Kado, J. H., Wilson, N. J., et al. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease: Outcomes 2 Years After Echocardiographic Detection
Beaton, A., Okello, E., Aliku, T. O., Lubega, S., Lwabi, P. S., Mondo, C. K., McCarter, R., & Sable, C. (2014) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-014-0925-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationColquhoun, S., Carapetis, J. R., Kado, J. H., et al. (2012) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951112001321 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Screening for rheumatic heart disease: evaluation of a simplified echocardiography-based approach
Mirabel, M., Celermajer, D. S., Ferreira, B., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jes077 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rémond, M., Atkinson, D. N., White, A. A., Brown, A. D. H., Carapetis, J. R., Reményi, B., Roberts, K., & Maguire, G. P. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Echocardiography screening to detect rheumatic heart disease
Mirabel, M., Fauchier, T., Bacquelin, R., Tafflet, M., Germain, A., Robillard, C., Rouchon, B., Marijon, É., & Jouven, X. (2015) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.007 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Bhaya, M., Beniwal, R., Panwar, S. R., & Panwar, R. B. (2011) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2011.01487.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Roberts, K., Brown, A. D. H., Maguire, G. P., et al. (2013) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja13.10520 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Mondo, C. K., Okello, E., et al. (2013) · Cardiovascular journal of South Africa/Cardiovascular journal of Southern Africa · doi:10.5830/cvja-2012-076 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cost–effectiveness analysis of rheumatic heart disease prevention strategies
Manji, R. A., Witt, J. C., Tappia, P. S., et al. (2013) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1586/14737167.2013.852470 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Watkins, D., Mvundura, M., Nordet, P., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121363 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Otto, H., Sæther, S. G., Banteyrga, L., et al. (2011) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2011.01520.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Colquhoun, S., Kado, J. H., Reményi, B., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease: Issues for the Cardiology Community
Saxena, A., Zuhlke, L. J., & Wilson, N. J. (2013) · Global Heart · doi:10.1016/j.gheart.2013.08.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Echo-based screening of rheumatic heart disease in children: a cost-effectiveness Markov model
Zachariah, J. P. V., & Samnaliev, M. (2015) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.3111/13696998.2015.1006366 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prinz, C., Dohrmann, J., van Buuren, F., Bitter, T., Bogunović, N., Horstkotte, D., & Faber, L. (2012) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2012.01728.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The case for global investment in rheumatic heart-disease control
Wyber, R., Zuhlke, L. J., & Carapetis, J. R. (2014) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.13.134486 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Teaching focused echocardiography for rheumatic heart disease screening
Engelman, D., Kado, J. H., Reményi, B., et al. (2015) · Annals of Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.4103/0974-2069.157024 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effect of cardiac 'nondisease' on intellectual and perceptual motor development.
Cayler, G. G., Lynn, D. B., & Stein, E. M. (1973) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.35.5.543 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rheumatic Fever Programme in Samoa.
Viali, S., Saena, P., & Futi, V. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Utility of Hand-Held Echocardiography in Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology Management
Riley, A. F., Sable, C., Prasad, A., et al. (2014) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-014-0940-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPatient and health‐care impact of a pilot rheumatic heart disease screening program
Wark, E. K., Hodder, Y., Woods, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.12154 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Perelini, F., Blair, N., Wilson, N. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.12829 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Secondary prevention of vertebral fractures in a large New Zealand District Health Board.
Bloomfield, K., & Singh, J. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
VI. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.
Td, J. (1951) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease
Ceylan, Ö., & Sahin, D. (2017) · Heart Views · doi:10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_3_17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tele-Ultrasound in Resource-Limited Settings: A Systematic Review
Britton, N., Miller, M. A., Safadi, S., Siegel, A., Levine, A. R., & McCurdy, M. T. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00244 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Nascimento, B. R., Beaton, A. Z., Nunes, M. C. P., Diamantino, A. C., Carmo, G. A. L., Oliveira, K. K. B., Oliveira, C. M., Meira, Z. M. A., Castilho, S. R. T., Lopes, E. L. V., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.088 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationNascimento, B. R., Sable, C., Nunes, M. C. P., Diamantino, A. C., Oliveira, K. K. B., Oliveira, C. M., Meira, Z. M. A., Castilho, S. R. T., Santos, J. P. A., Rabelo, L. M. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.008039 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Nascimento, B. R., Nunes, M. C. P., Lopes, E. L. V., Rezende, V. M. L. R., Landay, T., Ribeiro, A. L. P., Sable, C., & Beaton, A. Z.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Children's National (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nascimento, Bruno R
- Venue
- Heart
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-02-18
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 658-664
- ISSN
- 1355-6037 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-201X
- OpenAlex
- W2336411555
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Heart (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- rheumatic heart disease, echocardiographic screening, handheld echocardiography, task shifting, low- and middle-income countries, cost-effectiveness, screening program implementation, early disease detection
- MeSH terms
- Cardiology, Child, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Echocardiography, Humans, Research, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Early Diagnosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review