Average medical cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries by type in the USA.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the average medical care cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the USA comprehensively by injury type. METHODS: The attributable cost of injuries was estimated by mechanism (eg, fall), intent (eg, unintentional), body region (eg, head and neck) and nature of injury (eg, fracture) among patients injured from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2015. The cost of fatal injuries was the multivariable regression-adjusted average among patients who died in hospital emergency departments (EDs) or inpatient settings as reported in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample, controlling for demographic (eg, age), clinical (eg, comorbidities) and health insurance (eg, Medicaid) factors. The 1-year attributable cost of non-fatal injuries was assessed among patients with ED-treated injuries using MarketScan medical claims data. Multivariable regression models compared total medical payments (inpatient, outpatient, drugs) among non-fatal injury patients versus matched controls during the year following injury patients' ED visit, controlling for demographic, clinical and insurance factors. All costs are 2015 US dollars. RESULTS: The average medical cost of all fatal injuries was approximately $6880 and $41 570 per ED-based and hospital-based patient, respectively (range by injury type: $4764-$10 289 and $31 912-$95 295). The average attributable 1-year cost of all non-fatal injuries per person initially treated in an ED was approximately $6620 (range by injury type: $1698-$80 172). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Injuries are costly and preventable. Accurate estimates of attributable medical care costs are important to monitor the economic burden of injuries and help to prioritise cost-effective public health prevention activities.
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The cost-to-charge ratio was estimated for ED records (mean 0.385) by matching HCUP-NEDS hospital characteristics to HCUP-NIS CCR data.
“CCR was estimated for ED records (mean: 0.385, data not shown) by matching HCUP-NEDS hospital characteristics to HCUP-NIS CCR data.10”
From Assessment of Annual Cost of Substance Use Disorder in US Hospitals (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
The Methods (Fatal injuries; page not provided) say the authors estimated CCRs for HCUP-NEDS ED records using average inpatient CCRs from HCUP-NIS records matched on hospital characteristics. However, the reported mean CCR applied to HCUP-NEDS records is 0.396, not 0.385. (LLM, conf=0.92)
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Assessment of Annual Cost of Substance Use Disorder in US Hospitals
Peterson, C., Li, M., Xu, L., Mikosz, C. A., & Luo, F. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0242 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Peterson, C., Xu, L., & Florence, C.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Cora
- Venue
- Injury Prevention
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-12-30
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1.1-10
- ISSN
- 1353-8047 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-5785
- PMC
- PMC7326639
- OpenAlex
- W2998658524
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2021-07-27)
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Injury Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Keywords
- injury costs, health care costs, fatal injuries, nonfatal injuries, injury types, falls, unintentional injuries, head and neck injuries, fracture, emergency department visits, hospital costs, economic burden of injury, United States
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Emergency Service, Hospital, Humans, Insurance, Health, Medicaid, United States, Health Care Costs
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