The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and developmental delay among US children aged 18 months to 5 years
Open accessAbstract
Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between sociodemographic factors and a population-based measure of developmental delay in US children. We identify sociodemographic factors associated with unlikely, probable and possible developmental delay in preschool US children using nationally representative data. Methods: All children aged 18 months to 5 years in the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health were categorised into three groups based on the likelihood of developmental delay (unlikely delay, possible delay and probable delay) using a modified survey version of the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess relations between sociodemographic variables and risk of developmental delay. Results: Children had increased odds of probable delay (compared with unlikely delay) if they were older (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.41/additional year above the youngest age group (18 months–2 years), p<0.001), male (aOR=1.55, p<0.001), low birth weight (aOR=2.08, p<0.001), non-Hispanic black (aOR=1.50, p<0.01) or Hispanic in a non-English-speaking household (aOR=2.53, p<0.001) versus non-Hispanic white, had lower household income (aOR=1.33 for each decreasing category of poverty level, p<0.001), or received >10 h/week of care at another family's home (aOR=1.71, p<0.05). Only four characteristics (being older, male, low birth weight and Hispanic living in a non-English-speaking household) were associated with increased odds of possible delay compared with unlikely delay. Conclusions: Multiple factors, including demographic characteristics and indicators of social disadvantage, distinguish children with probable developmental delay from those unlikely to have developmental delay. Fewer factors identify children with possible delay.
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Children from low-income families and those from minoritized communities have increased risk for developmental delay and are less likely to receive timely developmental support services than more socially advantaged peers.
“Children from low-income families and those from minoritized communities face the double disadvantage of having increased risk for developmental delay and being less likely to receive timely developmental support services than their more socially advantaged peers.8, 9”
From Sustained Effectiveness of a 211 Call Center With Early Childhood Care Coordination (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results and Discussion (page not provided) report increased odds of probable developmental delay with lower household income and among non-Hispanic Black children and Hispanic children in non-English-speaking households. The paper does not establish that these groups are less likely to receive timely developmental support services; the Discussion only suggests that access-to-care barriers may contribute to underdiagnosis among Hispanic children. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Sustained Effectiveness of a 211 Call Center With Early Childhood Care Coordination
Nelson, B. B., Dudovitz, R. N., Romley, J. A., Thompson, L. R., Vangala, S., Gallegos, A., Gulsrud, A., Calderon, K., Porras-Javier, L., Herrera, P., et al. (2025) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2025-071644 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Simon, A. E., Pastor, P. N., Avila, R. M., & Blumberg, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Simon, Alan E
- ORCID
- Blumberg, Stephen J
- Venue
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2013-05-25
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 689-695
- ISSN
- 0141-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 0143-005X
- 1470-2738
- PMC
- PMC11292483
- OpenAlex
- W2126245741
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Keywords
- developmental delay, socioeconomic deprivation, preschool children, low birth weight, household income, poverty, Hispanic children, parental age, sex differences, child care, National Survey of Children's Health, Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Birth Weight, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethnicity, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Male, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Logistic Models, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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