Impact of smoking cessation on the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a nationwide multicentre case control study
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is the most devastating cerebrovascular disease. Cigarette smoking is one of the established risk factors for SAH, but the risk of SAH has not been properly elucidated in relation to smoking cessation. METHODS: We performed a nationwide multicentre case control study involving 33 hospitals in Korea. A total of 426 SAH cases and 426 age and sex matched controls were enrolled. We obtained detailed information on lifestyle, medical history and, in particular, smoking habits from participants using structured questionnaires. RESULTS: 148 SAH patients (37.4%) were current smokers compared with 103 (24.2%) controls, giving an adjusted OR of 2.84 (95% CI, 1.63 to 4.97) after controlling for possible confounders. Based on cumulative dose of smoking (pack years), the risk of SAH was found to increase in a dose-responsive fashion. Smoking cessation (≥5 years) caused a reduction in SAH to 59% (p<0.05). However, participants with a history of heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes per day) had a 2.3 times increased risk of SAH compared with participants who had never smoked (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the risk of SAH, but smoking cessation decreases the risk in a time dependent manner, although this beneficial effect may be diminished in previous heavy smokers. To forestall tragic SAH events, our results call for more global and vigorous efforts for people to stop smoking.
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Changes in mental and physical health due to changes in health investments take time to materialise.
“Secondly, changes in mental and physical health due to changes in health investments take time to materialise (see Kim et al., 2012;Will et al., 2001 for cigarette consumption; Mansikkamäki et al., 2015 for physical activity; and Forsman et al., 2011; Umberson and Montez, 2010 for social interactions).”
From The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2012
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The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis
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- Authors
- Kim, C. K., Kim, B. J., Ryu, W.-S., Lee, S.-H., & Yoon, B.-W.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Seung-Hoon
- Yoon, Byung-Woo
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2012-08-30
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1100-1103
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-330X
- OpenAlex
- W2139335471
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Seoul National University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Keywords
- subarachnoid hemorrhage, smoking cessation, cigarette smoking, smoking as risk factor, pack-years, heavy smoking, dose-response relationship, cerebrovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Case-Control Studies, Smoking Cessation, Republic of Korea
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