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Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor
Open accessAbstract
The effect of changes in mechanical limb properties on the peak frequency of different tremor forms was analysed. Wrist tremor was recorded by an accelerometer fixed to the dorsum of the hand and demodulated surface EMG was recorded from the wrist extensors, while the extended hand was loaded with successively heavier weights. Physiological tremor was characterised by flat EMG spectra and a gradual decrease in tremor peak frequency with increasing load, as would be expected from the properties of a passive spring-mass-system. Also the peak frequency of activated physiological tremor characterised by increased synchronisation between motor units decreased in frequency with increasing loads. EMG spectra showed clear peaks of activity at the various mechanically determined tremor frequencies. In contrast, in two pathological tremor forms, the postural tremor in Parkinsonian patients and essential tremor, peak frequency tended to remain stable irrespective of changes in load. The method therefore allows a simple distinction between physiological and these two pathological tremors.
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“There is a clear shift of dominant tremor rate to lower frequencies with increasing weights.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“Physiological tremor was characterised by flat EMG spectra and a gradual decrease in tremor peak frequency with increasing load, as would be expected from the properties of a passive spring-mass-system.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Abstract
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“Physiological tremor was characterised by flat EMG spectra and a gradual decrease in tremor peak frequency with increasing load, as would be expected from the properties of a passive spring-mass-system.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Abstract
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“similar to the findings in non-activated physiological tremor the dominant tremor rate decreases with increasing load.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“At higher loads however, clearer peaks become apparent in the EMG spectra, at frequencies of around 10 Hz.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“Tremor peak frequencies in the unloaded condition varied between 80 and 102 Hz.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“Both physiological and activated physiological tremors show a divergence of accelerometer and EMG peak frequencies at higher loads: at very high loadings, which require increased force output, a synchronised neural activity at around 10 Hz becomes apparent.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“Both physiological and activated physiological tremors show a divergence of accelerometer and EMG peak frequencies at higher loads: at very high loadings, which require increased force output, a synchronised neural activity at around 10 Hz becomes apparent.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“But the concomitant EMG spectra show distinct peaks that also decrease in frequency in parallel to the change of mechanical resonant frequency.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“Tremor power monotonically decreased with increasing loadings (see fig 7A).”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“Also the peak frequency of activated physiological tremor characterised by increased synchronisation between motor units decreased in frequency with increasing loads.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Abstract
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“Only at highest loads a second peak appears in the EMG spectra at frequencies above 10 Hz, which is also reflected by a second peak in the accelerometer spec- trum.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“there was no prominent peaking in the demodulated EMG spectra or grouping of activity (that is, bursts) in the ongoing EMG.”
- Also stated in: § Physiological tremor · hedged
“In this condition there were no apparent bursts in the ongoing EMG and no promi- nent peaks in the power spectra of the demodulated EMG.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Discussion
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“In some of the patients with essential tremors we noted some increase in dominant tremor rate with high amounts of added mass along with the concomi- tant increase in muscle tension.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > The effect ofloading on pathological tremors
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“As in essential tremor peak frequency is not affected by changes in loading and is paralleled by a high degree of EMG synchronisation as revealed by sharp peaks in the demodulated EMG spectra reflecting bursts in the ongoing EMG.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > The effect ofloading on pathological tremors
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“The main difference between recordings in this group as compared with subjects with non-activated physi- ological tremor were larger tremor amplitudes and higher relative peak power ratios reflected by sharper peaks in accelerometer and EMG recordings.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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“These maxima show considerable interindividual variation and hence do not reach statistical significance.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > The effect ofloading on pathological tremors
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“The accelerometer spectra shown in fig 3 contain a second peak, which varies with changes in the mechanical limb properties but is not paralleled by corresponding peaks in the EMG spectra.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > The effect ofloading on pathological tremors
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“(3) In both essential and Parkinsonian tremors the dominant tremor rate was not affected by changes in mass”
- Also stated in: § Activated physiological tremor · hedged
“the dominant rate of the pathological postural tremors could not be influenced by adding loads to the trembling limb.”
- Also stated in: § Activated physiological tremor · hedged
“The information obtained from this study (in addition to its diagnostic value) is that the rate of pathological tremors with strongest motor unit synchronisation seems not to be influenced by gross changes in the resonant properties of the trem- bling limb.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Discussion
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“Figure 5 illustrates the load-independent constancy of tremor frequency in a patient with Parkinsonian tremor (5 Hz) at rest, which persisted during constant maintenance of posture.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > The effect ofloading on pathological tremors
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“Hence the actual tremor frequency should reflect the resonant fre- quency of the affected limb and in consequence tremor frequency should be different at different parts of the limb and be altered by adding loads.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Abstract
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“These may result either from the sum- mation properties of asynchronously firing motor units in the narrow frequency range between their onset rates and the discharge frequencies where par- tial fusion of force ripples occurs,1 2 or from syn- chronisation between motor units, as in pathological tremors.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Abstract
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“Before starting tremor recordings it was ensured that no significant EMG activity emerged with pas- sive movements around the wrist to avoid contamination with movement artefacts.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Data recording and analysis A monoaxially sensitive
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“It is likely to be neural in origin as it is evident predominantly in the EMG spectra, whereas the peak frequencies of the accelerometer recordings reflect the larger amplitude oscillations at the lower mechanical resonant frequencies induced by these high loadings.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Results
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“All were off any medication for at least 3 days preceding the recording.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Subjects
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“These may result either from the sum- mation properties of asynchronously firing motor units in the narrow frequency range between their onset rates and the discharge frequencies where par- tial fusion of force ripples occurs,1 2 or from syn- chronisation between motor units, as in pathological tremors.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites 1 2
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“All recordings were done under visual con- trol of the subjects and the experimenters ascertained that the hand was maintained in precise horizontal position dur- ing the recording.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Subjects
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“How far the results obtained on two pathological tremor forms here apply to other pathological trem- ors remains to be shown.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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“Vilis and Hore22 used chronic cryoprobe implants in the cerebellar nuclei of non-human primates to induce reversible cerebellar intention tremor.They noted that the frequency of cerebellar tremor covaried with changes in the mechanical state of the limb in a way predictable from passive spring-load properties.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] Vilis T. Hore J. Effects of changes in mechanical state of limb on cerebellar intention tremor. J Neurophysiol 1977;40: 1214-224. source
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“This observation emphasises that the frequency of a rhythmical oscillation in the skeletomotor apparatus does not provide information about loop times: reflex supported, acti- vated physiological tremor can be deliberately induced at various frequencies just by changing mechanical properties of one particular part of a limb, where the loop-times can be considered to remain constant.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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“Their results however showed considerable intra-and inter-individual variation which makes it difficult to judge the significance of these findings.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Rack PMH, Ross HF. The role of reflexes in the resting tremor of Parkinson's disease. Brain 1986;109:115-41. source
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“In a reflex study Lee and Stein'6 using sudden torque pertubations of ongoing tremor activity have shown that essential tremors could be resynchronised by such a procedure whereas Parkinsonian tremor could not.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Lee RG, Stein RB. Resetting of Tremor by Mechanical Perturbations: A Comparison of Essential Tremor and Parkinsonian Tremor. Ann Neurol 1981;10:523-31. source
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“who recently described the occurrence of such a tremor comgonent in 30% of their normals, being present in parallel to a mechanically sensitive tremor”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] Elble RJ, Adelman J, Higgins C. Interaction between stretch reflex and 8-12 Hz component of physiologic tremor. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1985;11-302.4.
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“The results of this study were obtained in a particular standardised mechanical situation.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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“The contention of a non-reflex-mediated central origin of Parkinsonian tremor is also corroborated by microneurographic studies'7 18 describing recordings made from primary spindle afferents in patients with Parkinsonian tremor.These studies revealed a pattern of alpha-gamma-coactivation similar to voluntary alternating movements and pointed to a non-spindle reflex mediated central origin of the r”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites 17 18
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“It appears that the dominant rate of these pathological tremors cannot be determined by mechanical alterations, pointing to a central origin.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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“For this reason we feel it is not justified to classify tremors primarily according to their preferential pos- tural appearance.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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“This reveals that change of peripheral input have some access to the rhythmical oscillator of essential tremor but not to the generators of Parkinsonian tremor.”
§ Differential effects of changes in mechanical limb properties on physiological and pathological tremor > Activated physiological tremor
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The paper relies on this without support.
Isometric tremor simply reflects those tremor components that are neural in nature.
“The difference between these two is that isometric tremor simply reflects those tremor components that are neu- ral in nature.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Under isotonic conditions, the neural component becomes significant only when the motor units are synchronised as in the case of pathological tremor, whereas the physiological isometric (= force) tremor also reflects asynchronous motor unit activity.
“Under isotonic conditions, the neural component becomes significant only when the motor units are synchronised as in the case of pathological tremor, whereas the physiological isometric (= force) tremor also reflects asynchronous motor unit activity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Pathological tremors vary under different postural conditions.
“It is, however, a characteristic feature of the pathological tremors that they vary under different postural conditions.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Parkinsonian tremor is usually a tremor at rest which is diminished during increasing muscular effort.
“Parkinsonian tremor is usually a tremor at rest which is diminished during increasing muscular effort.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Essential tremor is most pronounced during motor activity, whether stationary (postural tremor) or non-stationary (action or kinetic tremor).
“In contrast essential tremor is most pro- nounced during motor activity no matter if this is sta- tionary such as maintaining a constant posture (postural tremor) or if it is non-stationary motor activity (action or kinetic tremor).”
The paper relies on this without support.
In more severe cases of essential tremor, tremor may also appear at rest and conversely in advanced Parkinsonian cases the resting tremor will persist during the maintenance of posture.
“In more severe cases of essential tremor this tremor may also appear at rest and conversely in advanced Parkinsonian cases the resting tremor will persist during the maintenance of posture.”
Citations
Cites
Neuronal mechanisms underlying physiological tremor
Allum, J. H. J., Dietz, V. H., & Freund, H. (1978) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.3.557 · Cited by 311
Self-citationPhysiologic and essential tremor
Elble, R. J. (1986) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.36.2.225 · Cited by 231
Lee, R. G., & Stein, R. B. (1981) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410100606 · Cited by 205
Mechanical factors in human tremor frequency
Stiles, R. N., & Randall, J. E. (1967) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1967.23.3.324 · Cited by 191
PARTICIPATION OF THE STRETCH REFLEX IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL TREMOR
HAGBARTH, K.-E., & YOUNG, R. R. (1979) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/102.3.509 · Cited by 179
Physiological and pharmacological aids in the differential diagnosis of tremor
Shahani, B. T., & Young, R. R. (1976) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.39.8.772 · Cited by 102
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Effects of changes in mechanical state of limb on cerebellar intention tremor
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THE ROLE OF REFLEXES IN THE RESTING TREMOR OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
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Action tremor with alternating activity in antagonist muscles
Sabra, A. F., & Hallett, M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.2.151 · Cited by 88
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Sorted by citations
Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorder Society on Tremor
Deuschl, G., Bain, P., & Brin, M. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870131303 · Cited by 1,981
Cerebral causes and consequences of parkinsonian resting tremor: a tale of two circuits?
Helmich, R. C., Hallett, M., Deuschl, G., Toni, I., & Bloem, B. R. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws023 · Cited by 581
“Evidence for this view comes from work showing that peripheral deafferentation (Pollock and Davis, 1930), peripheral anaesthesia of tremulous muscles (Walshe, 1924) and mechanical perturbations (Lee and Stein, 1981; Homberg et al., 1987) have little effect on Parkinson’s disease tremor although peripheral reflexes (mu…”
BackgroundDeuschl, G., Raethjen, J., Lindemann, M., & Krack, P. (2001) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.1063 · Cited by 508
“Such a mechanism is also influenced by thyroid hormones.(100,107) This mechanism can also be identified by spectral analysis when the tremor is measured with and without added load.”
BackgroundElble, R. J. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199603000-00004 · Cited by 269
The pathophysiology of parkinsonian tremor: a review
Deuschl, G., Raethjen, J., Baron, R., Lindemann, M., Wilms, H., & Krack, P. (2000) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/pl00007781 · Cited by 251
“Several studies demonstrated absent frequency reduction following loading of the trembling limb in parkinsonian patients [58, 143, 35].”
Clinical Neurophysiology of Tremor
Deuschl, G., Krack, P., Lauk, M., & Timmer, J. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199603000-00002 · Cited by 208
Ondo, W. G., He, Y., Rajasekaran, S., & Le, W. (2000) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/1531-8257(200001)15:1 · Cited by 289
Pathophysiology of nonparkinsonian tremors
Deuschl, G., & Bergman, H. (2002) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10141 · Cited by 172
Tremor and idiopathic dystonia
Jedynak, C. P., Bonnet, A. M., & Agid, Y. (1991) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870060307 · Cited by 138
Regularity of force tremor in Parkinson's disease
Vaillancourt, D. E., Slifkin, A. B., & Newell, K. M. (2001) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00593-4 · Cited by 129
Sturman, M. M. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh237 · Cited by 127
“These measures include frequency (Homberg et al., 1987), amplitude (Stiles and Pozos, 1976), regularity (Vaillancourt and Newell, 2000) and tremor– electromyogram (EMG) coherence (Brown et al.”
BackgroundMethodRaethjen, J., Lindemann, M., Dümpelmann, M., Wenzelburger, R., Stolze, H., Pfister, G., Elger, C., Timmer, J., & Deuschl, G. (2001) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0914-7 · Cited by 120
“The limbs are driven at their resonant frequency by randomly firing motor units (Marshall and Walsh 1956; Elble and Randall 1978; Hömberg et al. 1987), and in parallel, a rhythmic central drive to the muscles in the 7–12 Hz range, which is independent of peripheral mechanics, has been described…”
BackgroundDeep brain stimulation of the VIM thalamic nucleus modifies several features of essential tremor
Vaillancourt, D. E., Sturman, M. M., Metman, L. V., Bakay, R. A. E., & Corcos, D. M. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000086371.78447.d2 · Cited by 115
“Figure 2C demonstrates that ApEn increased ON-DBS compared to OFF-DBS [F(1,5) 8.”
MethodResultInfluentialEffects of Aging on the Regularity of Physiological Tremor
Sturman, M. M., Vaillancourt, D. E., & Corcos, D. M. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01218.2004 · Cited by 111
“In enhanced physiological tremor, tremor amplitude, motor-unit synchronization, and motor unit to motor unit coherence are increased (Logigian et al. 1988), while the modal frequency of tremor shifts with changes in the mechanical resonant frequency (Homberg et al. 1987).”
BackgroundTremor in reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Deuschl, G., Blumberg, H., & Lücking, C. (1991) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1991.00530240051018 · Cited by 123
Short-term effects of intrathecal baclofen in spasticity
Latash, M. L., Penn, R. D., Corcos, D. M., & Gottlieb, G. L. (1989) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(89)90078-2 · Cited by 100
Pascual‐Leone, Á., Valls‐Solé, J., Toro, C., Wassermann, E. M., & Hallett, M. (1994) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880170716 · Cited by 99
CTG triplet repeat expansion in a laryngeal carcinoma from a patient with myotonic dystrophy
Osanai, R., Kinoshita, M., Hirose, K., Homma, T., & Kawabata, I. (2000) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200005)23:5 · Cited by 26
Quantitative analysis of tremor time series.
Timmer, J., Lauk, M., & Deuschl, G. (1996) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0924-980x(96)94658-5 · Cited by 105
“1986; H6mberg et al., 1987) has been to calculate the power for a fixed frequency range between -”
Postural and resting tremor in the upper limb
Morrison, S., & Newell, K. M. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00302-8 · Cited by 92
“…has been to externally support the more proximal segments of the upper limb when examining both postural and resting tremor in distal effectors (see for example: Stiles and Randall, 1967; Yap and Boshes, 1967; Marsden et al., 1969; Fox and Randall, 1970; Stiles, 1980; Homberg et al., 1987).”
BackgroundPrimary writing tremor. A form of focal dystonia?
Elble, R., Moody, C., & Higgins, C. (1990) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870050205 · Cited by 87
Britton, T. C., Thompson, P. D., Day, B. L., Rothwell, J. C., Findley, L. J. J., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410330510 · Cited by 85
Does tremor pace repetitive voluntary motor behavior in parkinson's disease?
Logigian, E. L., Hefter, H., Reiners, K., & Freund, H. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410300208 · Cited by 82
Self-citationAnomalies of asymmetry of clinical signs in parkinsonism
Toth, C. C., Rajput, M., & Rajput, A. H. (2003) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10685 · Cited by 85
Uniform frequency of parkinsonian resting tremor in the lips, jaw, tongue, and index finger
Hunker, C. J., & Abbs, J. (1990) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870050117 · Cited by 75
A brain network model explaining tremor in Parkinson's disease
Duval, C., Daneault, J., Hutchison, W. D., & Sadikot, A. F. (2015) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2015.10.009 · Cited by 82
“This tremor is largely independent from external influences, such as loading, indicating that it is centrally generated (Deuschl et al., 1996; Homberg et al., 1987; Meshack and Norman, 2002; Burne et al., 2004).”
Hand tremor in patients with spasmodic torticollis
Deuschl, G., Heinen, F., Guschlbauer, B., Schneider, S., Glocker, F. X., & Lücking, C. H. (1997) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870120411 · Cited by 76
The quality of life in Parkinson's disease
Kuopio, A., Marttila, R. J., Helenius, H. Y. M., Toivonen, M., & Rinne, U. K. (2000) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/1531-8257(200003)15:2 · Cited by 321
Long-term EMG recordings differentiate between parkinsonian and essential tremor
Breit, S., Spieker, S., Schulz, J. B., & Gasser, T. (2008) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-008-0712-2 · Cited by 63
“However, this hypothesis is not supported by previous work, showing that the frequency of pathological tremors does not change with loading [17].”
ResultBritton, T., Thompson, P., Day, B. L., Rothwell, J. C., Findley, L., & Marsden, C. D. (1993) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.56.10.1085 · Cited by 69
Evidence for a non-orthostatic origin of orthostatic tremor
Boroojerdi, B., Ferbert, A., Foltys, H., Kosinski, C. M., Noth, J., & Schwarz, M. (1999) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.3.284 · Cited by 62
A Review on Wearable Technologies for Tremor Suppression
Lora-Millan, J. S., Delgado-Oleas, G., Benito-León, J., & Rocon, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.700600 · Cited by 62
The resonant component of human physiological hand tremor is altered by slow voluntary movements
Lakie, M., Vernooij, C. A., Osborne, T. M., & Reynolds, R. F. (2012) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.226449 · Cited by 62
“Tremor is commonly recorded as an acceleration signal and most investigators agree that the central frequency of this peak lies somewhere between 7 and 11 Hz (Stiles & Randall, 1967; Marsden et al. 1969; Elble & Randall, 1978; Hömberg et al. 1987; Lakie, 1992; Raethjen et al. 2000) and it is commonly described as ‘10…”
Background24 Hour continuous tremor quantification based on EMG recording
Bacher, M., Scholz, E., & Diener, H.-C. (1989) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(89)90179-x · Cited by 61
Löscher, W. N., Cresswell, A. G., & Thorstensson, A. (1994) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1994.tb09786.x · Cited by 57
Mehta, A. R., Brittain, J., & Brown, P. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0510-14.2014 · Cited by 59
“The existence of a physiological tremor at a peak frequency of 7–12 Hz during postural contractions of the outstretched hands is well established (Stiles and Randall, 1967; Marsden et al., 1969; Elble and Randall, 1978; Marsden, 1984; Hömberg et al., 1987; Lakie, 1992; Raethjen et al., 2000).”
BackgroundAmitriptyline enhances the central component of physiological tremor
Raethjen, J., Lemke, M., Lindemann, M., Wenzelburger, R., Krack, P., & Deuschl, G. (2001) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.70.1.78 · Cited by 41
Visual and mechanical control of postural and kinetic tremor in cerebellar system disorders.
Sanes, J. N., LeWitt, P. A., & Mauritz, K.-H. (1988) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.7.934 · Cited by 51
The effect of inertial loading on wrist postural tremor in essential tremor
Héroux, M. E., Pari, G., & Norman, K. E. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.03.012 · Cited by 50
“, 2000; Elble, 2003), but did result in significantly smaller tremor in subjects with ET (Elble, 1986; Homberg et al., 1987; Bilodeau et al., 2000; Vaillancourt et al., 2003).”
Meshack, R. P., & Norman, K. E. (2002) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215502cr521oa · Cited by 49
Report from a U.S. conference on essential tremor
Elble, R. J. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21157 · Cited by 46
EMG-Based Characterization of Pathological Tremor Using the Iterated Hilbert Transform
Dideriksen, J. L., Gianfelici, F., Popović‐Maneski, L., & Farina, D. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2011.2163069 · Cited by 43
“Fourth, passive mechanical resonance properties of human limbs can modulate the intensity and frequency of the limb tremor [13], [14] and thereby blur”
BackgroundTremor‐related motor unit firing in Parkinson's disease: implications for tremor genesis
Christakos, C. N., Erimaki, S., Anagnostou, E., & Anastasopoulos, D. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.173989 · Cited by 40
“However, as explained in the Discussion (final section), there is evidence suggesting that this influence is limited in PD, postural tremor being primarily neurogenic, i.e. resulting from muscle FTs (Stiles & Pozos, 1976; Hömberg et al. 1987; Palmer & Hutton 1995).”
BackgroundChanges in the dynamics of tremor during goal-directed pointing
Morrison, S., & Keogh, J. (2001) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(01)00072-0 · Cited by 39
Handforth, A., & Lang, E. J. (2020) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-020-01197-5 · Cited by 33
Limb Stiffness and Postural Tremor in the Arm
Morrison, S., & Newell, K. M. (2000) · Motor Control · doi:10.1123/mcj.4.3.293 · Cited by 33
Physiological tremor in human subjects with X‐linked Kallmann's syndrome and mirror movements
Mayston, M. J., Harrison, L. M., Stephens, J. A., & Farmer, S. F. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0551k.x · Cited by 32
“It has been found to be largely insensitive to changes in inertial load and stiffness (Elble & Randall, 1978; Homberg et al. 1987).”
BackgroundMorrice, B.-L., Becker, W. J., Hoffer, J. A., & Lee, R. G. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100030572 · Cited by 31
Design and Preliminary Performance Assessment of a Wearable Tremor Suppression Glove
Zhou, Y., Ibrahim, A. H., Hardy, K. G., Jenkins, M. E., Naish, M. D., & Trejos, A. L. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3080622 · Cited by 33
Pellegrini, B., Faes, L., Nollo, G., et al. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.04.025 · Cited by 31
Stability of frequency during long-term recordings of hand tremor
Hefter, H., Hömberg, V., Reiners, K., & Freund, H. (1987) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(87)90007-1 · Cited by 29
Self-citationAdaptive Eating Device: Performance and Satisfaction of a Person with Parkinson’s Disease
Cavalcanti, A., do Amaral, M. F., Dutra, F. C. M. S. E., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/0008417420925995 · Cited by 28
“…on the subject, some studies point to the influence of the utensil weight on the feeding task, recommending the use of light cutlery when the activity demands fast movement (Hewer et al., 1972; Hömberg et al., 1987; Ma, Hwang, Tsai & Hsu, 2009; Meshack & Norman, 2002; Morgan et al., 1975).”
BackgroundGil, L. M., Nunes, T. P., Silva, F. H. S., Faria, Á. C. D., & de Melo, P. L. (2010) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5626365 · Cited by 29
“Tradi tionally, the analysis of physiological and pathological tremor has focused on the frequency domain analysis [2,3, 4 ].”
BackgroundBilodeau, M., Bisson, E. J., Degrâce, D., Després, I., & Johnson, M. (2009) · Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.06.014 · Cited by 29
“, 1978; Duval and Jones, 2005; Vaillancourt and Newell, 2000), a decrease in physiological tremor power of the hand with light loads (up to about 1000 g) has been previously reported (Hömberg et al., 1987).”
BackgroundTremor in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: No evidence of cerebellar dysfunction
Saifee, T. A., Pareés, I., Kassavetis, P., Kaski, D. N., Bronstein, A. M., Rothwell, J. C., Sadnicka, A., Lunn, M. P., Manji, H., Teo, J., et al. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.023 · Cited by 28
Is the rhythm of physiological tremor involved in cortico‐cortical interactions?
Raethjen, J., Lindemann, M., Morsnowski, A., Dümpelmann, M., Wenzelburger, R., Stolze, H., Fietzek, U. M., Pfıster, G., Elger, C. E., Timmer, J., et al. (2003) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10686 · Cited by 27
Biomechanical loading as an alternative treatment for tremor: a review of two approaches
Rocon, E., Gallego, J. Á., Belda-Lois, J. M., Benito-León, J., & Pons, J. L. (2012) · Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements · doi:10.5334/tohm.107 · Cited by 26
Biomechanical Loading as an Alternative Treatment for Tremor: A Review of Two Approaches
Rocon, E., Gallego, J. A., Belda-Lois, J., Benito-León, J., & Pons, J. L. (2012) · Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements · doi:10.7916/d82z147g · Cited by 37
Ma, H., Hwang, W., Tsai, P.-L., & Hsu, Y.-W. (2009) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509342334 · Cited by 26
Su, E. L. M., Latt, W. T., Ang, W. T., Lim, T. C., Teo, C. L., & Burdet, E. (2009) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5333665 · Cited by 26
“Measurement of limb tremor were initially conducted with accelerometers [2], [ 3 ], [4], [5], [6], however, this requires segregation from the influence of gravity and is not targeted to evaluate the position and velocity errors determining the accuracy, as well as some aspects of tremor [7].”
MethodBurne, J. A., Blanche, T., & Morris, J. J. (2004) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20109 · Cited by 24
Twenty-four-hour tremor recordings in the evaluation of the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Scholz, E., Bacher, M., Diener, H., & DICHGANS, J. (1988) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/bf00314251 · Cited by 24
Limb positioning and magnitude of essential tremor and other pathological tremors
Sanes, J. N., & Hallett, M. (1990) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870050408 · Cited by 23
Morrison, S., & Sosnoff, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.002 · Cited by 22
Characterization of subclinical tremor in Parkinson's disease
Beuter, A. C., Barbo, E., Rigal, R., & Blanchet, P. J. (2005) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20467 · Cited by 22
Quantification of motor function in toxicology
Newland, M. C. (1988) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/0378-4274(88)90035-5 · Cited by 22
Reynolds, R. F., & Lakie, M. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00513.2010 · Cited by 19
Application of stereophotogrammetry to total body three-dimensional analysis of human tremor
Cappello, A., Leardini, A., Benedetti, M. G., et al. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/86.650295 · Cited by 20
“Electromechanical devices such as linear accelerometers have also been extensively used [6]‐[ 7 ] for the measurement of global movement of body segments.”
BackgroundThe origins of physiological tremor as deduced from immersions of the finger in various liquids
Takanokura, M., Kokuzawa, N., & Sakamoto, K. (2002) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0677-2 · Cited by 18
“Various researchers have attempted to verify this hypothesis by experiments which have increased the load on the limb segment (Joyce and Rack 1974; Lakie et al. 1986; Hömberg et al. 1987; Sakamoto et al. 1993; Arihara and Sakamoto 1999a).”
BackgroundMotor Function and the Physical Properties of the Operant
Newland, M. C. (1995) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012168055-8/50017-0 · Cited by 17
Bioinformatic Approaches Used in Modelling Human Tremor
Mario, M., Giuliana, G., Thomas, L., Dario, F., Lana, P., Silvia, C., Tommaso, D., Juan-Manuel, B.-L., Jose-Luis, P., & Eduardo, R. (2009) · Current Bioinformatics · doi:10.2174/157489309788184747 · Cited by 17
“Another approach for quantifying the signal intensity consists in calculating the power for a fixed frequency range, usually –1 Hz to +1 Hz, around the peak frequency [39, 44].”
BackgroundCerebral reorganization in Parkinson's disease.
Helmich, R. C. G. (2011) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 17
Chapter 24 Clinical neurophysiology and pathophysiology of Parkinsonian tremor
Deuschl, G., Fietzek, U. M., Klebe, S., & Volkmann, J. (2003) · Handbook of clinical neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1567-4231(09)70172-8 · Cited by 16
Durbaba, R., Cassidy, A., Budini, F., & Macaluso, A. (2013) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00917.2011 · Cited by 15
“In addition, other studies have indicated a role for the stretch reflex in contributing to “physiological tremor” (9, 24, 31, 34, 40, 72, 80, 81).”
BackgroundPeripheral mechanisms in tremor after traumatic neck injury
Hashimoto, T. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.5.585 · Cited by 16
Bilateral tremor responses to unilateral loading and fatiguing muscle contractions
Kavanagh, J. J., Cresswell, A. G., Sabapathy, S., & Carroll, T. J. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00228.2013 · Cited by 16
“While these peripheral mechanisms of tremor remain relatively fixed, applying an inertial load to the limb can effectively decrease the resonant frequency of oscillation and increase oscillation amplitude (Halliday et al. 1999; Homberg et al. 1987).”
BackgroundTremor and electrically elicited long-latency reflexes in early stages of Parkinson’s disease
Deuschl, G., & Lücking, C. (1989) · Key topics in brain research · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-8994-8_12 · Cited by 19
Paul, F., Müller, J., Christe, W., Steinmüller, T., Poewe, W., & Wissel, J. (2004) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2004.00184.x · Cited by 12
Upper limb tremor induced by peripheral nerve injury
Costa, J. N., Henriques, R., Barroso, C., et al. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000244437.31413.2b · Cited by 15
Mazzocchio, R., Gelli, F., Santo, F. D., Popa, T., & Rossi, A. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.05.024 · Cited by 13
Tremor Suppression With Mechanical Vibration Stimulation
Liu, W., Kai, T., & Kiguchi, K. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3045023 · Cited by 13
Is the inferior olive central to essential tremor? Yes
Lang, E. J., & Handforth, A. (2022) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.009 · Cited by 13
UPPER LIMB TREMOR INDUCED BY PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURY
Weiner, W. J., & Reich, S. G. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000270099.87599.77 · Cited by 13
Héroux, M. E., Pari, G., & Norman, K. E. (2010) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.10.050 · Cited by 12
“A consistent finding from previous studies investigating postural tremor in ET is that inertial loading results in a reduction in tremor amplitude (Elble, 1986; Homberg et al., 1987).”
Quantitative analysis of voluntary and involuntary motor phenomena in Parkinson’s disease
Hefter, H., Hömberg, V., & Freund, H.-J. (1989) · Key topics in brain research · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-8994-8_8 · Cited by 12
Self-citationAgapaki, O. M., Christakos, C. N., & Anastasopoulos, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00179 · Cited by 11
“Interestingly, several studies observed twin peaks on the power spectrum of PD hand tremor (Stiles and Pozos, 1976; Walsh, 1979; Homberg et al., 1987; Burne et al., 2004) but only one of the two, presumably the mechanical one, is load dependent (Stiles and Randall, 1967; Stiles, 1980).”
BackgroundPrecision Sensorimotor Control in Aging FMR1 Gene Premutation Carriers
McKinney, W. S., Wang, Z., Kelly, S. E., Khemani, P., Su, L., White, S., & Mosconi, M. W. (2019) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2019.00056 · Cited by 12
Subdivision of essential tremor patients according to physiologic characteristics
Golan, D. T., Giladi, N., Thorne, R., Korczyn, A. D., & Simon, E. S. (2004) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00251.x · Cited by 11
“despite the different mechanical properties of the limb (1, 3).”
BackgroundAutomated tremor amplitude and frequency determination from power spectra
Bartolić, A., Šantić, M., & Ribarič, S. (2008) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.10.007 · Cited by 10
“The ±1Hz and 50% eak amplitude interval methods were also used for tremor uantification in previous studies [15,37,38].”
MethodHwang, I., Lin, C. K., & Wu, P.-S. (2009) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.03.005 · Cited by 10
Distinction between essential and physiological tremor using Hilbert-Huang transform
Ayache, S. S., Al-ani, T., & Lefaucheur, J. P. (2014) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2014.03.006 · Cited by 10
Lang, A. E., & Zadikoff, C. (2005) · Neurological disease and therapy · doi:10.1201/b14115-16 · Cited by 11
Modulation of symptomatic palatal tremor by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex.
Chen, J.-T., Yu, H.-Y., Wu, Z.-A., Kao, K., Hallett, M., & Liao, K.-K. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00301-1 · Cited by 11
“Essential tremor and Parkinson's tremor are examples of central oscillation, by which it is meant that their frequencies are independent of limb mechanics and re¯ex arc (Elble, 1986; Homberg et al., 1987).”
BackgroundThree-dimensional assessment of postural tremor during goal-directed aiming
Kelleran, K. J., Morrison, S., & Russell, D. M. (2016) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4738-x · Cited by 8
“For example, the resonant frequency properties of the finger, hand and forearm segments have been reported at 20–25, 8–12 and 2–4 Hz, respectively (Joyce and Rack 1974; Elble and Randall 1978; Homberg et al. 1987; Elble and Koller 1990; Hwang et al. 2009).”
BackgroundTremor in motor neuron disease may be central rather than peripheral in origin
Latorre, A., Rocchi, L., Stamelou, M., Batla, A., Ciocca, M., Balint, B., Sidle, K. C. L., Berardelli, A., Rothwell, J. C., & Bhatia, K. P. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13743 · Cited by 7
“the frequency of which depends on inertia and stiffness of the joint, with no clear EMG counterpart [16].”
BackgroundMorales‐Briceño, H., Fois, A. F., & Fung, V. S. C. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63916-5.00018-5 · Cited by 6
Essential Tremor and Other Forms of Kinetic Tremor
Louis, E. D. (2012) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4027-7_10 · Cited by 7
Dynamic properties of human goal-directed arm movements.
Bock, O. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90030-i · Cited by 6
Early markers in Parkinson’s disease
Przuntek, H. (1990) · New vistas in drug research · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9098-2_2 · Cited by 6
Postural finger tremor exhibited by Parkinson patients and age‐matched subjects
Palmer, S. S., & Hutton, J. T. (1995) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870100520 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Homberg, V, Hefter, H., Reiners, K., & Freund, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Düsseldorf University Hospital (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1987-05-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 568-579
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1031968
- OpenAlex
- W2063522790
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- physiological tremor, pathological tremor, postural tremor, essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, mass-spring system
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Electromyography, Hand, Humans, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Tremor, Wrist
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