The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Glial swelling following human cerebral contusion: an ultrastructural study
Open accessAbstract
The ultrastructural features of cerebral contusion seen three hours to 11 days after head injury were studied in 18 patients undergoing surgery. Massive astrocytic swelling ("cytotoxic" oedema) was seen three hours to three days after injury, maximal in perivascular foot processes, and compressing some of the underlying capillaries. The tight junctions were not disrupted. Neuronal damage was most marked three to 11 days after injury. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to oedema formation and neuronal degeneration are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“astroglial swelling, which occurs within the first hours after head trauma in humans (Bullock et al., 1991)”
From Evolution of neuronal and astroglial disruption in the peri-contusional cortex of mice revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging (2013) · cites this paper as Bullock et al., 1991
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Role of Excitatory Amino Acids and NMDA Receptors in Traumatic Brain Injury
Faden, A. I., Demediuk, P., Panter, S. S., & Vink, R. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2567056 · Cited by 1,508
Diffuse axonal injury in head injury: definition, diagnosis and grading
Adams, J. H., Doyle, D., Ford, I., Gennarelli, T. A., Graham, D. I., & Mclellan, D. R. (1989) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb03040.x · Cited by 1,176
Self-citationVascular permeability alterations to horseradish peroxidase in experimental brain injury
Povlishock, J. T., Becker, D. P., Sullivan, H. G., & Miller, J. D. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90404-3 · Cited by 220
Advances in Neurology, Vol. 63
Cosgrove, G. R. (1994) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-199409000-00030 · Cited by 154
Experimental head injury in the rat
Nilsson, B., & Nordström, C. (1977) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1977.47.2.0262 · Cited by 124
Little, J. R., Kerr, F. W. L., & Sundt, T. M. (1976) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.7.1.25 · Cited by 119
Electron microscopic observations on nerve cell regeneration and degeneration after axon lesions
TORVIK, A., & Skj�rten, F. (1971) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00685058 · Cited by 109
Mendelow, A. D., Bullock, R., Teasdale, G. M., Graham, D. I., & McCulloch, J. (1984) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.1984.11739688 · Cited by 107
Self-citationTHE CONTUSION INDEX: A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO CEREBRAL CONTUSIONS IN HEAD INJURY
ADAMS, J. H., Scott, G., Parker, L., Graham, D. I., & Doyle, D. (1980) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1980.tb00217.x · Cited by 104
Self-citationThe mechanism of cerebral contusions. A pathologic-anatomic study.
Lindenberg, R., & Freytag, E. (1960) · PubMed · Cited by 104
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Adams JH, Gennarelli TA, Graham DI, et al. Changes in endothelial morphology of brain vasculature after controlled angular acceleration of the subhuman primate head. Proc Physiological Soc 1987:92.
- Lindenberg R, Freytag E. The mechanism of cerebral contusion. Arch Pathol 1960;69:440-69.
- Bullock R, Teasdale GM, Wyper D, et al. Tomographic mapping of CBF, CBV and BBB changes after focal head injury using SPECT: mechanisms for late deterioration. In: J Hoff, ed. Proc VIIth Int Symposium Intracranial Pressure and Brain Injury. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1989:637-9.
- Tenjin H, Mizukawa N, Yamaki T, et al. The investigation of cerebral haemodynamics in patients with cerebral contusion: Evaluation of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). J CBF Metabol 1989;9(Suppl 1):S87.
- Povlishock JT. The morphopathologic responses to experimental head injuries of varying severity. In: Becker DP, Povlishock JT, eds. CNS Trauma Status Report. Bethesda, Maryland: NIH, 1986:443-52.
- Gennarelli TA, Segawa H, Wald U, et al. Physiological response to angular accelaration of the head. In: Grossmann RG, Gildenberg PL, eds. Head Injury: basic and clinical aspects. New York: Raven Press 1982:129-39.
- Plum F, Cooper AJL, Craig RP, et al. Glial cells: the silent partners of the working brain. The Thomas E Duffy Memorial Lecture. J CBF and Metabol 1985;5(Suppl 1):S1.
- Becker DP, Katayama Y, Tamura T, et al. Excitotoxic ionic fluxes and neuronal dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. J CBF Metabol 1989;9(Suppl 1):302.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke
Manley, G. T., Fujimura, M., Ma, T., Noshita, N., Filiz, F., Bollen, A. W., Chan, P. H., & Verkman, A. S. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/72256 · Cited by 1,501
The Pathology of Human Spinal Cord Injury: Defining the Problems
Norenberg, M. D., Smith, J., & Marcillo, A. E. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771504323004575 · Cited by 634
Excitotoxic mechanisms and the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters in traumatic brain injury
Yi, J., & Hazell, A. S. (2006) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2005.12.001 · Cited by 477
van der Naalt, J., van Zomeren, A. H., Sluiter, W. J., & Minderhoud, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.2.207 · Cited by 440
Current concepts of brain edema
Kimelberg, H. K. (1995) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1995.83.6.1051 · Cited by 410
Metadata
- Authors
- Bullock, R., Maxwell, W. L., Graham, D. I., Teasdale, G. M., & Adams, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Southern General Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1991-05-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 427-434
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC488543
- OpenAlex
- W2066748433
- Semantic Scholar
- c28e5f645c554c0b2380f20e656d8e782adecc0b
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- cerebral contusion, glial swelling, astrocytic swelling, cytotoxic edema, neurodegeneration, tight junctions, traumatic brain injury, ultrastructure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Astrocytes, Brain Concussion, Brain Edema, Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Middle Aged, Neuroglia, Pinocytosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
