The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A simple instrument for assessing stress in clinical practice
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Methods to assess the role of stress factors in patients with medical conditions are often rather complex, require specific training, and are difficult to use in clinical practice. We attempted to develop a short index tailored to a busy clinical setting, which would be easy to use while providing adequate individual information. This index (Psychosocial Index) was largely derived from well-established instruments, such as Kellner's Screening List for Psychosocial Problems. In addition, on the basis of the patient's self-report of items, the clinician is asked to rate four dimensions of the patient's life: stress, wellbeing, psychological distress, and illness behaviour. The questionnaires of 34 female patients with functional medical disorders were first rated by an internist and afterwards, blindly, by a psychiatrist. Agreement between the two raters was excellent, as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient. It is hoped that this Psychosocial Index may provide a new tool for psychosomatic research and practice.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A shorter version, the 6-item part of the PsychoSocial Index 50,51 , has been developed and submitted to clinimetric validation: it was found to be a sensitive measure of well-being, yet it does not allow differentiation of the various dimensions.”
From The pursuit of euthymia (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“it showed good psychometric properties [49]”
From Protocol and methods for testing the efficacy of well-being therapy in chronic migraine patients: a randomized controlled trial. (2018) · cites this paper as [49]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Eysenck, H. J. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90087-7 · Cited by 32,038
The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments
Fleiss, J. L. (1999) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118032923 · Cited by 4,819
The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments.
Hills, M., & Fleiss, J. L. (1987) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2982050 · Cited by 3,261
Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study
Spitzer, R. L. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.272.22.1749 · Cited by 2,648
A Critical Appraisal of the Quality of Quality-of-Life Measurements
Gill, T. M. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520080061045 · Cited by 2,209
Utility of a New Procedure for Diagnosing Mental Disorders in Primary Care: The PRIME-MD 1000 Study
Spitzer, R. L. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520220043029 · Cited by 1,873
Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000289026 · Cited by 1,295
The stress appraisal measure (SAM): A multidimensional approach to cognitive appraisal
Peacock, E. J., & Wong, P. T. P. (1990) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460060308 · Cited by 612
Feinstein, A. R. (1987) · doi:10.2307/j.ctt1xp3vbc · Cited by 538
Somatization and Hypochondriasis
Kellner, R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 317
Quality of life of hirsute women
Sonino, N., Fava, G. A., Mani, E., Belluardo, P., & Boscaro, M. (1993) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.809.186 · Cited by 193
Self-citationSomatization and Hypochondriasis
Fava, G. A. (1986) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(86)72593-0 · Cited by 168
Self-citationSomatization: The Experience and Communication of Psychological Distress as Somatic Symptoms
Lipowski, Z. J. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000288013 · Cited by 116
Stress and anxiety: Conceptual and assessment issues
Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1990) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460060310 · Cited by 102
Wheatley, D. (1990) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.156.5.685 · Cited by 34
A Problem List for Clinical Work
Kellner, R. (1991) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10401239109147981 · Cited by 18
Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Endocrine Disease
Sonino, N., Fava, G. A., Fallo, F., & Boscaro, M. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000288388 · Cited by 17
Self-citationMajor and daily stress and psychopathology: On the adequacy of the definitions and methods
Wagner, B. M. (1990) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460060307 · Cited by 17
Research paradigms in psychosomatic medicine.
Fava, G. A., & Wise, T. N. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 16
Self-citationScreening and Diagnosis of Depression
Fava, G. A. (1997) · Disease Management & Health Outcomes · doi:10.2165/00115677-199702010-00001 · Cited by 11
Self-citationGiving feedback to questionnaire responders--an essential task?
Whitfield, M. J. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Novak, M. A., & Suomi, S. J. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Primatology · doi:10.1002/9781119179313.wbprim0143 · Cited by 7
(1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia
Ryff, C. D. (2014) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000353263 · Cited by 2,976
Allostatic load and its impact on health: A systematic review
Guidi, J., Lucente, M., Sonino, N., & Fava, G. A. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000510696 · Cited by 1,266
Self-citationClinical characterization of allostatic overload
Fava, G. A., McEwen, B. S., Guidi, J., Gostoli, S., Offidani, E., & Sonino, N. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.028 · Cited by 265
Self-citationClinimetrics: the science of clinical measurements
Fava, G. A., Tomba, E., & Sonino, N. (2012) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02825.x · Cited by 233
Self-citationPakenham, K. I., Landi, G., Boccolini, G., Furlani, A., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.003 · Cited by 210
Metadata
- Authors
- Sonino, N., & Fava, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Postgraduate Medical Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-07-01
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 873
- Pages
- 408-410
- ISSN
- 0032-5473 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-0756
- PMC
- PMC2360999
- OpenAlex
- W2124306688
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Postgraduate Medical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- psychological distress, well-being, illness behavior, rater agreement, psychosomatic medicine, self-report questionnaire
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Data Collection, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Psychosomatic Medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
