The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The problem of appraising qualitative research
Open accessAbstract
Qualitative research can make a valuable contribution to the study of quality and safety in health care. Sound ways of appraising qualitative research are needed, but currently there are many different proposals with few signs of an emerging consensus. One problem has been the tendency to treat qualitative research as a unified field. We distinguish universal features of quality from those specific to methodology and offer a set of minimally prescriptive prompts to assist with the assessment of generic features of qualitative research. In using these, account will need to be taken of the particular method of data collection and methodological approach being used. There may be a need for appraisal criteria suited to the different methods of qualitative data collection and to different methodological approaches. These more specific criteria would help to distinguish fatal flaws from more minor errors in the design, conduct, and reporting of qualitative research. There will be difficulties in doing this because some aspects of qualitative research, particularly those relating to quality of insight and interpretation, will remain difficult to appraise and will rely largely on subjective judgement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“How or whether to appraise papers for inclusion in an interpretive reviews has received a great deal of attention, but there is little sign of an emergent consensus [22].”
From Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups (2006) · cites this paper as [22]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Some authors have raised concerns about the use of such checklists and adherence to strict, universal criteria because they do not afford sufficient flexibility to accommodate the diverse approaches and multiple interpretive practices often represented in qualitative studies.[7][8][9][10][11]”
From A Review of the Quality Indicators of Rigor in Qualitative Research (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Qualitative studies will be appraised using Dixon-Woods and colleague’s tool for appraising qualitative research [69].”
From The psychological processes of classic psychedelics in the treatment of depression: a systematic review protocol (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“Given the plurality of methodologies used in the identified studies, seven criteria for quality appraisal were adopted from different published tools (29–31)1 with the aim of appraising transparency, description of key terms, and coherence.”
From Recovery from Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review of Service User and Informal Caregiver Perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“There is no consistent approach or theoretical framework, however, in this broad-based research that one might use as a guideline to apply qualitative inquiry to the development of PROs [30–33].”
From PRO development: rigorous qualitative research as the crucial foundation (2010) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wagner, H. R., Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1968) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2575405 · Cited by 46,525
Lincoln, Y. S., Guba, E. G., & Pilotta, J. J. (1985) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8 · Cited by 45,787
The Discovery of Grounded Theory; Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L., & Strutzel, E. (1968) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 · Cited by 39,449
(1998) · Sage eBooks · Cited by 38,631
Qualitative research in health care: Analysing qualitative data
Pope, C. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7227.114 · Cited by 8,131
Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog?
Barbour, R. S. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1115 · Cited by 2,613
Dilemmas in qualitative health research
Yardley, L. (2000) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440008400302 · Cited by 2,310
Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods.
Russell, C. K., & Morse, J. M. (1994) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2076454 · Cited by 2,236
Popay, J., Rogers, A., & Williams, G. (1998) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/104973239800800305 · Cited by 987
Campbell, R., Pound, P., Pope, C., Britten, N., Pill, R., Morgan, M., & Donovan, J. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00064-3 · Cited by 921
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 653
Halonen, J. I., Atkins, S. A., Hakulinen, H., Pesonen, S. H., & Uitti, J. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3924-x · Cited by 57
The Experience of Living With Metastatic Breast Cancer—A Review of the Literature
Willis, K., Lewis, S., Ng, F., & Wilson, L. (2015) · Health Care for Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2014.896364 · Cited by 56
Plural policing: a State-of-the-Art Review
Boels, D., & Verhage, A. (2016) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-05-2015-0069 · Cited by 56
Jusslin, S., & Høglund, H. (2021) · Literacy · doi:10.1111/lit.12236 · Cited by 56
Developing stroke rehabilitation and community services: a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature
Reed, M., WOOD, V. A., Harrington, R., & Paterson, J. (2011) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.613511 · Cited by 56
A conceptual replication of continuous integration pain points in the context of Travis CI
Widder, D. G., Hilton, M. L., Kästner, C., & Vasilescu, B. (2019) · ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE) · doi:10.1145/3338906.3338922 · Cited by 56
Alliott, O., Ryan, M., Fairbrother, H., & van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13374 · Cited by 55
An appraisal of the quality of published qualitative dental research
Masood, M., Thaliath, E. T., Bower, E. J., & Newton, T. (2010) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00584.x · Cited by 55
Men's experiences of antenatal screening: A metasynthesis of the qualitative research
Dheensa, S., Metcalfe, A., & Williams, R. A. (2012) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.05.004 · Cited by 54
Self-management programs for adults with low vision: Needs and challenges
Rees, G., Saw, C. L., Lamoureux, E. L., & Keeffe, J. E. (2007) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.016 · Cited by 54
Dalton, J., Booth, A., Noyes, J., & Sowden, A. J. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.04.020 · Cited by 67
Whiffin, C. J., Gracey, F., & Ellis‐Hill, C. (2021) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104043 · Cited by 54
McGowan, L. J., Devereux‐Fitzgerald, A., Powell, R., & French, D. (2017) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2016.1272705 · Cited by 53
Poulsen, D. V., Stigsdotter, U. K., & Refshauge, A. D. (2015) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.03.009 · Cited by 53
Patient experiences of psychological therapy for depression: a qualitative metasynthesis
McPherson, S., Wicks, C., & Tercelli, I. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02682-1 · Cited by 52
The drivers of perceptions of anti-social behaviour
Mackenzie, S., Bannister, J., Flint, J., Parr, S., Millie, A., & Fleetwood, J. (2010) · Open Research Online (The Open University) · doi:10.15496/publikation-28791 · Cited by 52
Understanding Experiences of Diabetes Distress: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Morales-Brown, L. A., Algorta, G. P., & Salifu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2024/3946553 · Cited by 62
Palacios‐Ceña, D., Losa‐Iglesias, M. E., Álvarez‐López, C., Cachón‐Pérez, J. M., Reyes, R. A. R., Salvadores-Fuentes, P., & Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C. (2011) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05694.x · Cited by 51
Twenty‐four/seven: a mixed‐method systematic review of the off‐shift literature
de Cordova, P. B., Phibbs, C. S., Bartel, A. P., & Stone, P. W. (2012) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05976.x · Cited by 51
Elderly patients' and residents' perceptions of ‘the good nurse’: a literature review
der Elst, E. V., de Casterlé, B. D., & Gastmans, C. (2011) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100046 · Cited by 50
Spann, A., & Stewart, E. A. (2018) · Human Technology · doi:10.17011/ht/urn.201811224834 · Cited by 50
Cena, E., Brooks, J., Day, W., Goodman, S., Rousaki, A., Ruby-Granger, V., & Seymour-Smith, S. (2024) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069241282843 · Cited by 49
Parslow, R. M., Harris, S., Broughton, J., Alattas, A., Crawley, E. M., Haywood, K. L., & Shaw, A. R. G. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012633 · Cited by 49
Williams, S., Renju, J., Ghilardi, L., & Wringe, A. (2017) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.7448/ias.20.1.21922 · Cited by 49
Gobatto, A. L. N., Besen, B. A. M. P., Cestari, M., Pelosi, P. P., & Malbouisson, L. M. S. (2018) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066618755334 · Cited by 49
Schmieder, R. E., Kandzari, D. E., Wang, T., Lee, Y., Lazarus, G., & Pathak, A. (2020) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002592 · Cited by 48
Interactions between Non-Physician Clinicians and Industry: A Systematic Review
Grundy, Q., Bero, L. A., & Malone, R. E. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001561 · Cited by 48
Enhancing the quality and transparency of qualitative research methods in health psychology
Shaw, R. L., Bishop, F. L., Horwood, J. P., Chilcot, J., & Arden, M. A. (2019) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12393 · Cited by 47
Charitou, M., Quayle, E., & Sutherland, A. (2020) · Sexuality and Disability · doi:10.1007/s11195-020-09646-z · Cited by 47
Booth, A., Carroll, C., Papaioannou, D. E., Sutton, A., & Wong, R. (2009) · Health Information & Libraries Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2008.00834.x · Cited by 46
Grounded Theory-Based Research within Exercise Psychology: A Critical Review
Hutchison, A. J., Johnston, L., & Breckon, J. (2011) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780880903304527 · Cited by 45
Mixed Methods in CAM Research: A Systematic Review of Studies Published in 2012
Bishop, F. L., & Holmes, M. M. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/187365 · Cited by 45
The synthesis of qualitative research and evidence-based nursing
Flemming, K. (2007) · Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebn.10.3.68 · Cited by 45
Vargas, M., Chiumello, D., Sutherasan, Y., Ball, L., Esquinas, A. M., Pelosi, P. P., & Servillo, G. (2017) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1710-5 · Cited by 44
Sattar, R., Johnson, J., & Lawton, R. (2020) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13029 · Cited by 44
McArthur, A., Cooper, A., Edwards, D., Klugarova, J., Yan, H., Barber, B. V., Gregg, E. E., Weeks, L. E., & Jordan, Z. (2025) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-24-00293 · Cited by 42
Labia Minora Elongation and its Implications on the Health of Women: A Systematic Review
Martínez‐Pérez, G. Z., Aznar, C. T., & Bagnol, B. (2013) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2013.851139 · Cited by 42
Mahmoud, H. A., Thavorn, K., Mulpuru, S., McIsaac, D. I., Abdelrazek, M. A., Mahmoud, A. A., & Forster, A. J. (2023) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002134 · Cited by 42
Shilling, V. M., Edwards, V., Rogers, M., & Morris, C. (2012) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01372.x · Cited by 42
A unified framework for bias assessment in clinical research
Stone, J., Glass, K., Clark, J. M., Munn, Z., Tugwell, P., & Doi, S. A. R. (2019) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000165 · Cited by 49
Qualitative Approaches to Understanding Patient Preferences
Gooberman‐Hill, R. (2012) · Patient · doi:10.1007/bf03262494 · Cited by 41
Patients’ experiences of dental implant treatment: A literature review of key qualitative studies
Kashbour, W., Rousseau, N. S., Ellis, J. S., & Thomason, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.008 · Cited by 40
Parker, L.-S., Topcu, G., Boos, D. D., & das Nair, R. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1741698 · Cited by 41
Nevedal, A., Kowalski, C. P., Finley, E. P., Fix, G. M., Hamilton, A. B., & Koenig, C. J. (2025) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-025-01474-z · Cited by 46
Parenting in the context of historical childhood trauma: An interpretive meta-synthesis
Siverns, K., & Morgan, G. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104186 · Cited by 39
Parenting Among Mothers Who Experienced Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Lange, B. C. L., Condon, E. M., & Gardner, F. E. M. (2019) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732319882914 · Cited by 47
Wilkinson, H. R., & Nair, R. D. (2013) · British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjnn.2013.9.4.172 · Cited by 38
Vargas, M., Servillo, G., Sutherasan, Y., Rodríguez‐González, R., Brunetti, I., & Pelosi, P. P. (2015) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.038 · Cited by 38
Evans, C., Tweheyo, R., McGarry, J., Eldridge, J., Albert, J., Nkoyo, V., & Higginbottom, G. A. (2019) · Health Services and Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/hsdr07310 · Cited by 38
Sale, J. E. M., Beaton, D., Sujic, R., & Bogoch, E. R. (2010) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01176.x · Cited by 39
Kougiali, Z. G., Einat, T., & Liebling, A. (2017) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2017.1359710 · Cited by 37
Konda, N. N., Lewis, T., Furness, H. N., Miller, G. W., Metcalfe, A. J., & Ellard, D. R. (2023) · BJS Open · doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrad141 · Cited by 37
Jindal, P., MacDermid, J. C., Rosenbaum, P., Rezze, B. D., & Narayan, A. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1356383 · Cited by 37
Miller, E. M., Porter, J. E., & Barbagallo, M. S. (2021) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951521001243 · Cited by 37
Provision of information on dental implant treatment: Patients’ thoughts and experiences
Kashbour, W., Rousseau, N. S., Thomason, J. M., & Ellis, J. S. (2018) · Clinical Oral Implants Research · doi:10.1111/clr.13118 · Cited by 36
Kılıç, D., Armstrong, H. L., & Graham, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2020.1781722 · Cited by 36
Cartwright, A. V., Stoner, C. R., Pione, R. D., & Spector, A. E. (2021) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301220988231 · Cited by 36
MacGregor, J. C. D., Naeemzadah, N., Oliver, C. L., Javan, T., MacQuarrie, B. J., & Wathen, C. N. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020933861 · Cited by 36
Fu, Y., McNichol, E., Marczewski, K., & Closs, S. J. (2015) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12223 · Cited by 36
Mixed Methods Synthesis: A Worked Example
Kavanagh, J., Campbell, F., Harden, A., & Thomas, J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119959847.ch6 · Cited by 36
The parental journey of fetal care: a systematic review and metasynthesis
Wilpers, A. B., Bahtiyar, M. O., Stitelman, D. H., Batten, J., Calix, R., Chase, V. L., Yung, N. K., Maassel, N. L., & Novick, G. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100320 · Cited by 35
Evans, D. J. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470692127.ch10 · Cited by 35
Patients’ key experiences after coronary artery bypass grafting: a synthesis of qualitative studies
Leegaard, M., & Fagermoen, M. S. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00556.x · Cited by 34
Women in Relationships and Their Pornography Use: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Litsou, K., Graham, C., & Ingham, R. (2021) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2021.1885532 · Cited by 26
Reflecting team processes in family therapy: a search for research
Willott, S., Hatton, T., & Oyebode, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6427.2010.00511.x · Cited by 32
Bethel, E. C., & Bernard, R. M. (2010) · Distance Education · doi:10.1080/01587919.2010.513950 · Cited by 34
Microthreaded Implants and Crestal Bone Loss: A Systematic Review
Al‐Thobity, A. M., Kutkut, A., & Almas, K. (2016) · Journal of Oral Implantology · doi:10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00170 · Cited by 31
Establishing quality in discursive psychology: Three domains to consider
O’Reilly, M. J., Kiyimba, N., Lester, J. N., & Edwards, D. (2020) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1080/14780887.2020.1810373 · Cited by 31
Sage, E. O., Munguambe, K., Blevins, J., Guilaze, R., Kosia, B., Maixenchs, M., Bassat, Q., Mandomando, I., Kaiser, R., Koné, A., et al. (2019) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciz564 · Cited by 33
Assessing the Quality of Qualitative Health Research: Criteria, Process and Writing
Gómez, C. C. (2009) · Forum qualitative Sozialforschung · doi:10.17169/fqs-10.2.1294 · Cited by 30
Bae, J. (2014) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih/e2014018 · Cited by 33
Miller, J. S. A., Knott, V. E., Wilson, C. J., & Roder, D. M. (2012) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2012.01325.x · Cited by 29
Jackson, C., Dyson, L., Bedford, H. E., Cheater, F., Condon, L., Crocker, A., Emslie, C., Ireland, L., Kemsley, P., Kerr, S., et al. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20720 · Cited by 29
Two sets of qualitative research reporting guidelines: An analysis of the shortfalls
King, O. (2021) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22157 · Cited by 29
Elliott, M. J., Ravani, P., Quinn, R. R., Oliver, M. J., Love, S., MacRae, J. M., Hiremath, S. S., Friesen, S., James, M. T., & King‐Shier, K. M. (2022) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.05.016 · Cited by 29
Jones, R. A. (2013) · British Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1111/bld.12028 · Cited by 29
Health systems guidance appraisal—a critical interpretive synthesis
on behalf of the AGREE-HS Team, Ako-Arrey, D. E., Brouwers, M. C., Lavis, J. N., & Giacomini, M. K. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0373-y · Cited by 30
Stortenbeker, I. A., Stommel, W., van Dulmen, S., Lucassen, P. L., Das, E. H. H. J., & Hartman, T. O. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109994 · Cited by 28
Elliott, M. J., Love, S., Fox, D. E., Verdin, N., Donald, M., Manns, K., Cunningham, D., Goth, J., & Hemmelgarn, B. R. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057518 · Cited by 28
Sampling problems in Brazilian research: a critical evaluation of studies on medicinal plants
de Medeiros, P. M., Ladio, A. H., & Albuquerque, U. P. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia · doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2014.01.010 · Cited by 29
Patients' experience with cancer recurrence: a meta‐ethnography
Wanat, M., Boulton, M. G., & Watson, E. K. (2015) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3908 · Cited by 27
The role of analytic direction in qualitative research
Sale, J. E. M. (2022) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-022-01546-4 · Cited by 27
Long-term experiences of pain after a fragility fracture
Gheorghita, A., Webster, F., Thielke, S. M., & Sale, J. E. M. (2018) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-018-4399-7 · Cited by 27
Ethical Issues in Neuroimaging Health Research
Shaw, R. L., Senior, C., Peel, E., Cooke, R. W. I., & Donnelly, L. S. (2008) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105308097970 · Cited by 27
Parsons, J. A., & Johal, H. K. (2021) · Bioethics · doi:10.1111/bioe.12991 · Cited by 26
Sinnott, C., Ansari, A., Price, E., Fisher, R. F., Beech, J., Alderwick, H., & Dixon‐Woods, M. (2024) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp.2024.0033 · Cited by 27
Self-citationParadis, E., Leslie, M., Gropper, M. A., Aboumatar, H. J., Kitto, S. C., & Reeves, S. (2013) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.05.015 · Cited by 26
The complexity of managing COPD exacerbations: a grounded theory study of European general practice
Risør, M. B., Spigt, M., Iversen, R., Godycki-Ćwirko, M., Francis, N. A., Altiner, A., Andreeva, E., Kung, K., & Melbye, H. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003861 · Cited by 30
Booth, A. (2018) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732318808247 · Cited by 29
Thomson, H. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301400 · Cited by 26
Firmin, R. L., Bonfils, K. A., Luther, L., Minor, K. S., & Salyers, M. P. (2016) · Qualitative Psychology · doi:10.1037/qup0000050 · Cited by 25
Atkins, S. A., Launiala, A., Kagaha, A., & Smith, H. J. J. (2012) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-62 · Cited by 25
Rasmussen, T. B., Zwisler, A., Moons, P., & Berg, S. K. (2014) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000144 · Cited by 25
Miller, E. M., Porter, J. E., & Barbagallo, M. S. (2021) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/19375867211032931 · Cited by 24
Mühlbacher, A. C., de Bekker-Grob, E. W., Rivero‐Arias, O., Levitan, B. S., & Vass, C. (2024) · Patient · doi:10.1007/s40271-024-00673-y · Cited by 24
Rights and responsibilities in research supervision
Severinsson, E. (2014) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12160 · Cited by 24
Factors shaping the delivery of acute inpatient stroke therapy: A narrative synthesis
Taylor, E., McKevitt, C., & Jones, F. (2015) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-1918 · Cited by 24
Verhage, A., & Boels, D. (2016) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-016-0345-y · Cited by 24
Utility of pleural effusion drainage in the ICU: An updated systematic review and META-analysis
Vetrugno, L., Bignami, E. G., Orso, D., Vargas, M., Guadagnin, G. M., Saglietti, F., Servillo, G., Volpicelli, G., Navalesi, P., & Bove, T. (2019) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.03.007 · Cited by 24
Stroke: Physical Fitness, Exercise, and Fatigue
Mead, G. E., Bernhardt, J., & Kwakkel, G. (2012) · Stroke Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/632531 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Dixon-Woods, M.
- Venue
- Quality and Safety in Health Care
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-06-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 223-225
- ISSN
- 1475-3898 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-3901
- PMC
- PMC1743851
- OpenAlex
- W2161835779
- Semantic Scholar
- 00ade148e11ef4211840b7d6ec91341177623888
- Cited by
- 653
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 75.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMJ Quality & Safety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (acceptedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council (RES-333-34-3002)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Keywords
- appraisal criteria, research quality, healthcare quality and safety, methodological approaches, interpreting quality
- MeSH terms
- United Kingdom, Health Services Research, Humans, Quality of Health Care, Research Design, Safety Management, Consensus, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
