Depression and anxiety in an early rheumatoid arthritis inception cohort. associations with demographic, socioeconomic and disease features
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Depression and anxiety are not uncommon in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is increasingly recognised that they are associated with high disease activity and worse disease outcomes. We aimed to examine the frequency of depression and anxiety in an early RA inception cohort and to explore associations with disease-related measures. METHODS: The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis inception cohort recruited newly diagnosed RA patients followed-up 6-monthly. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Associations with demographic characteristics and disease-related measures were examined at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. RESULTS: 848 RA patients were included. The prevalence of anxiety and depression at baseline was 19.0% and 12.2%, respectively. Depression and anxiety scores correlated with DAS28 at all time-points (all p<0.0001). In multivariable linear regression, anxiety score at baseline was associated with younger age and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score. Anxiety scores at 6 months and 12 months were associated with low body mass index (BMI), baseline anxiety score and current patient global score and HAQ. Depression score at baseline was associated with younger age, being single and HAQ, while depression scores at 6 months and 12 months were associated with male gender (only at 6 months), baseline anxiety and depression scores and current patient global score, HAQ and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety are associated with disease activity, worse functional status and other variables in early RA. There is a close relationship between CRP and depression but not anxiety.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Individuals affected with autoimmune disorders are more likely to display comorbid depressive symptomatology.
“Accordingly, it has been well documented that individual affected with autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis) are more likely to display comorbid depressive symptomatology [17,18,19,20,21,22,23].”
From C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder? (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale.
(2003) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-29 · Cited by 2,391 · see citing works
The prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Matcham, F., Rayner, L., Steer, S., & Hotopf, M. (2013) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket169 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and inflammation in a large adult cohort
Vogelzangs, N., Beekman, A. T. F., de Jonge, P., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.27 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Rheumatoid arthritis and depression: an inflammatory perspective
Nerurkar, L., Siebert, S., McInnes, I. B., & Cavanagh, J. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30255-4 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment-resistant depression and peripheral C-reactive protein.
Chamberlain, S. R., Cavanagh, J., de Boer, P., Mondelli, V., Jones, D. N. C., Drevets, W. C., Cowen, P. J., Harrison, N. A., Pointon, L., Pariante, C. M., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.66 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationLeighton, S. P., Nerurkar, L., Krishnadas, R., Johnman, C., Graham, G. J., & Cavanagh, J. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.205 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationMatcham, F., Norton, S., Scott, D. L., Steer, S. E., & Hotopf, M. H. (2015) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kev306 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Michelsen, B., Kristianslund, E. K., Sexton, J., Hammer, H. B., Fagerli, K. M., Lie, E., Wierød, A., Kalstad, S., Rødevand, E., Krøll, F., et al. (2017) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211284 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Depression, inflammation, and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Kojima, M., Kojima, T., Suzuki, S., Oguchi, T., Oba, M., Tsuchiya, H., Sugiura, F., Kanayama, Y., Furukawa, T. A., Tokudome, S., et al. (2009) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.24647 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Nandi, A., Beard, J., & Galea, S. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-31 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Comorbid depression in rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology and clinical implications
Bruce, T. O. (2008) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-008-0042-1 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A multi-modal MRI study of the central response to inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Schrepf, A., Kaplan, C. M., Ichesco, E., Larkin, T. E., Harte, S. E., Harris, R. E., Murray, A. D., Waiter, G. D., Clauw, D. J., & Basu, N. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04648-0 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Rathbun, A. M., Reed, G. W., & Harrold, L. R. (2012) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes356 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Kekow, J., Moots, R. J., Khandker, R. K., et al. (2010) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keq327 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Matcham, F., Ali, S., Irving, K., Hotopf, M. H., & Chalder, T. (2016) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1011-1 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Machin, A. R., Babatunde, O. O., Haththotuwa, R., et al. (2020) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-019-04900-y · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Predictors of depression in a multiethnic cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Margaretten, M. E., Yelin, E. H., Imboden, J. B., Graf, J. D., Barton, J. L., Katz, P., & Julian, L. J. (2009) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.24822 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
New insights into the impact of neuro-inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Fuggle, N. R., Howe, F. A., Allen, R. L., & Sofat, N. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00357 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
DeJesus, R. S., Breitkopf, C. R., Ebbert, J. O., Rutten, L. J. F., Jacobson, R. M., Jacobson, D. J., Fan, C. L., & Sauver, J. L. S. (2016) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901612010067 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Rech, J., Heß, A., Finzel, S., Kreitz, S., Sergeeva, M., Englbrecht, M., Doerfler, A., Saake, M., & Schett, G. A. (2012) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.37761 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Covic, T., Pallant, J., Tennant, A., Cox, S., Emery, P., & Conaghan, P. G. (2009) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-10-18 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Overman, C. L., Bossema, E. R., van Middendorp, H., Meij, L. W., Verstappen, S. M. M., Bulder, M., Jacobs, J. W. G., Bijlsma, J. W. J., & Geenen, R. (2011) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200338 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bacconnier, L., Rincheval, N., Flipo, R., Goupille, P., Daurès, J., Boulenger, J., & Combe, B. G. (2014) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keu371 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kronisch, C., McLernon, D. J., Dale, J. E., Paterson, C., Ralston, S. H., Reid, D. M., Tierney, A., Harvie, J. P., McKay, N. D., Wilson, H. E., et al. (2016) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.39627 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationCavanagh, J., Paterson, C., McLean, J., Pimlott, S. L., McDonald, M., Patterson, J., Wyper, D. J., & McInnes, I. B. (2010) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2009.107912 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) Study: an inception cohort and biobank
Dale, J. E., Paterson, C., Tierney, A., et al. (2016) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1318-y · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationDeb, A., Dwibedi, N., LeMasters, T. J., Hornsby, J., Wei, W., & Sambamoorthi, U. (2018) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2018.04.1303 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kuijper, T. M., Luime, J., Xiong, H., et al. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009742.2017.1349176 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
C-Reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder?
Orsolini, L., Pompili, S., Tempia Valenta, S., Salvi, V., & Volpe, U. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031616 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fragoulis, G. E., Cavanagh, J., Tindell, A., Derakhshan, M., Paterson, C., Porter, D., McInnes, I. B., & Siebert, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fragoulis, George E
- ORCID
- Venue
- RMD Open
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e001376
- ISSN
- 2056-5933 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7722367
- OpenAlex
- W3094834333
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- RMD Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Keywords
- rheumatoid arthritis, depression, anxiety, early rheumatoid arthritis, disease activity, DAS28, Health Assessment Questionnaire, functional status, C-reactive protein, socioeconomic factors, body mass index, patient global assessment
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Depression, Humans, Infant, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
