Clinical characteristics of fatalities due to influenza A (H1N1) virus in Mexico
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Mexico has experienced a disproportionate mortality burden due to the influenza A(HIN1) pandemic. A study was undertaken to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the first 100 patients who died from confirmed influenza A(H1N1). METHODS: A clinical evaluation was made of the first 100 consecutive deaths of confirmed cases between 10 April and 28 May 2009 reported by the Federal Ministry of Health. Statistical analysis included disease frequencies and descriptive comparisons with national health data. RESULTS: Most patients (60%) were aged 30-79 years, 53% were female and 40% were residents of Mexico City. On admission, 50% had one or more chronic medical conditions including metabolic syndrome (40%), cardiovascular disease (21%), diabetes (20%), hypertension (20%) and respiratory disease (8%). 38% of women and 26% of men were obese based on body mass index). The main clinical symptoms were fever (84%), cough (85%), dyspnoea (75%) and myalgia (30%). The frequency of all chronic diseases was higher in this sample than in the national statistics. Most (82%) developed symptoms before the Mexican government issued the influenza alert (24 April). Median hospital stay prior to death was 4 days (range 0-58). CONCLUSIONS: Patients, mostly young adults, who died from A(HIN1) influenza had a high frequency of one or more chronic diseases upon admission. Most died shortly after the health authorities initiated national influenza control measures.
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In the first 100 confirmed deaths in Mexico, only 2 cases had positive bacterial cultures (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis).
“The lowest proportion of co-infection was reported in the first 100 confirmed deaths in Mexico [14] where 94% of patients had multiple foci of pneumonia (based on imaging) and 84% required mechanical ventilation, and only 2 cases had positive bacterial cultures (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis).”
From The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a(H1N1)pdm09. (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Fajardo-Dolci, G., Gutierrez-Vega, R., Arboleya-Casanova, H., Villalobos, A., Wilson, K. S., Garcia, S. G., Sotelo, J., Cordova Villalobos, J. A., & Diaz-Olavarrieta, C.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX)
- Venue
- Thorax
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2010-06-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 505-509
- ISSN
- 0040-6376 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150890883
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Thorax (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r21tw006786-01)
- Fogarty International Center (1R21TW06786-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, influenza mortality, sociodemographic factors, chronic comorbidities, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, respiratory symptoms, Mexico
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
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