Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,418

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms

Arnot, Jon A, Gobas, Frank APC·2006·Environmental Reviews
DOI 10.1139/a06-005
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Bioaccumulation assessment is important in the scientific evaluation of risks that chemicals may pose to humans and the environment and is a current focus of regulatory effort. The status of bioaccumulation evaluations for organic chemicals in aquatic systems is reviewed to reduce uncertainty in bioaccumulation measurement, to provide quality data for assessment, and to assist in model development. A review of 392 scientific literature and database sources includes 5317 bioconcentration factor (BCF) and 1656 bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values measured for 842 organic chemicals in 219 aquatic species. A data quality assessment finds that 45% of BCF values are subject to at least one major source of uncertainty and that measurement errors generally result in an underestimation of actual BCF values. A case study of organic chemicals on the Canadian Domestic Substances List indicates that empirical data are available for less than 4% of the chemicals that require evaluation and of these chemicals, 76% have less than three acceptable quality BCF or BAF values. Field BAFs tend to be greater than laboratory BCFs emphasizing the importance of environmental measurement for reliable assessment; however, only 0.2% of current use organic chemicals have BAF measurements. Key parameters influencing uncertainty and variability in BCF and BAF data are discussed using reviewed data and models. A critical evaluation of representative BCF and BAF models in relation to existing measurements and regulatory criteria in Canada indicate the probability of Type II errors, i.e., false negatives or ``misses'', using BCF models for bioaccumulation assessment may be as high as 70.6% depending on the model. Recommendations for the selection of measured and modelled values used in bioaccumulation assessment are provided, and improvements for the science and regulatory criteria are proposed.Key words: bioconcentration, bioconcentration factor, bioaccumulation, bioaccumulation factor, octanol–water partition coefficient, fish.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1139/a06-005

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 82

  1. Arnot J.A., 2003, QSAR Comb. Sci., 22, 337, 10.1002/qsar.200390023 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Arnot J.A., 2004, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 2343, 10.1897/03-438 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Arnot J.A., 2006, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2316, 10.1021/es0514085 · DOI
  4. Banerjee S., 1984, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 79, 10.1021/es00120a005 · doi:10.1021/es00120a005
  5. Barber M.C., 2003, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 1963, 10.1897/02-468 · doi:10.1897/02-468
  6. Barber M.C., 1991, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 48, 318, 10.1139/f91-044 · DOI
  7. Barron M.G., 1990, Bioconcentration. Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1612, 10.1021/es00081a001 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Baussant T., 2001, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 1185, 10.1002/etc.5620200607 · doi:10.1002/etc.5620200607
  9. Bertelsen S.L., 1998, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 1447, 10.1002/etc.5620170803 · DOI
  10. Bintein S., 1993, SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 1, 29, 10.1080/10629369308028814 · doi:10.1080/10629369308028814
  11. Borga K., 2004, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 2367, 10.1897/03-518 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Borga K., 2005, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4523, 10.1021/es050376i · DOI
  13. Buckman A.H., 2004, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 1725, 10.1897/03-336 · DOI
  14. Burkhard L.P., 1998, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 383, 10.1002/etc.5620170306 · DOI
  15. Burkhard L.P., 2003, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 351
  16. Campfens J., 1997, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 577, 10.1021/es960478w · DOI
  17. Connolly J.P., 1988, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 99, 10.1021/es00166a011 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Cousins I.T., 2000, Chemosphere, 41, 1389, 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00005-9 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Czub G., 2004, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406, 10.1021/es034871v · DOI
  20. de Maagd P.G.J., 1998, Aquat. Toxicol., 40, 157, 10.1016/S0166-445X(97)00053-2 · doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(97)00053-2
  21. Devillers J., 1996, Chemosphere, 33, 1047, 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00246-9 · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00246-9
  22. Dimitrov S.N., 2005, SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 16, 531, 10.1080/10659360500474623 · DOI
  23. Erickson R.J., 2006, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 1512, 10.1897/05-358R.1 · DOI
  24. Erickson R.J., 2006, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 1522, 10.1897/05-359R.1 · DOI
  25. Fisk A.T., 2000, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1508, 10.1002/etc.5620190606 · DOI
  26. Fisk A., 2001, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 732, 10.1021/es001459w · DOI · Paper page
  27. Fox G.A., 1991, J. Great Lakes Res., 17, 153, 10.1016/S0380-1330(91)71352-X · DOI
  28. Galassi S., 1982, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 6, 439, 10.1016/0147-6513(82)90024-0 · doi:10.1016/0147-6513(82)90024-0
  29. Gewurtz S.B., 2006, Chemosphere, 63, 1328, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.031 · DOI
  30. Geyer H.J., 1994, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 28, 53, 10.1006/eesa.1994.1034 · doi:10.1006/eesa.1994.1034
  31. Gobas F.A.P.C., 1993, Ontario. Ecol. Model., 69, 1, 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90045-T · DOI · Paper page
  32. Gobas F.A.P.C., 2003, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 735, 10.1021/es020925+ · doi:10.1021/es020925+
  33. Gobas F.A.P.C., 1992, Chemosphere, 25, 1961, 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90035-P · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90035-p
  34. Gobas F.A.P.C., 1989, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 8, 231, 10.1002/etc.5620080306 · doi:10.1002/etc.5620080306
  35. Gobas F.A.P.C., 1999, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 133, 10.1021/es980681m · DOI · Paper page
  36. Gobas F.A.P.C., 2003, QSAR Comb. Sci., 22, 329, 10.1002/qsar.200390022 · DOI
  37. Goodrich M.S., 1991, Water Res., 25, 119, 10.1016/0043-1354(91)90020-Q · doi:10.1016/0043-1354(91)90020-q
  38. Haitzer M., 1998, Chemosphere, 37, 1335, 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00117-9 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Hendriks A.J., 2001, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 20, 1399, 10.1002/etc.5620200703 · DOI · Paper page
  40. Hoekstra P.F., 2003, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 2482, 10.1897/02-459 · doi:10.1897/02-459
  41. Kelly B.C., 2001, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 325, 10.1021/es0011966 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Kelly B.C., 2003, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2966, 10.1021/es021035x · DOI
  43. Klimisch H.J., 1997, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 15, 1, 10.1006/rtph.1996.1076 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Kobayashi K., 1980, Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 46, 167, 10.2331/suisan.46.167 · doi:10.2331/suisan.46.167
  45. Mackay D., 1982, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 274, 10.1021/es00099a008 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Mackay D., 2000, Environ. Pollut., 110, 375, 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00162-7 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Mackintosh C.E., 2004, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2011, 10.1021/es034745r · DOI · Paper page
  48. Martin J.W., 2003, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22, 196, 10.1002/etc.5620220126 · DOI · Paper page
  49. McCarthy J.F., 1983, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 12, 559, 10.1007/BF01056552 · doi:10.1007/bf01056552
  50. McCarthy J.F., 1985, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 4, 511, 10.1002/etc.5620040411 · doi:10.1002/etc.5620040411
  51. McCarthy J.F., 1985, Aquat. Toxicol., 7, 15, 10.1016/0166-445X(85)90033-5 · DOI
  52. McKim J.M., 1991, Physiol. Zool., 64, 39, 10.1086/physzool.64.1.30158513 · DOI
  53. Meyer H., 1899, Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol., 42, 109, 10.1007/BF01834479 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Meylan W.M., 1999, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 664, 10.1002/etc.5620180412 · DOI · Paper page
  55. Muir D.C.G., 1986, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 5, 261, 10.1002/etc.5620050305 · doi:10.1002/etc.5620050305
  56. Neely W.B., 1974, Environ. Sci. Technol., 8, 1113, 10.1021/es60098a008 · doi:10.1021/es60098a008
  57. Nichols J.W., 1990, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 106, 433, 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90338-U · DOI
  58. Nichols J.W., 1991, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 110, 374, 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90040-L · DOI
  59. Nichols J.W., 1998, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 2422, 10.1002/etc.5620171208 · DOI
  60. Niimi A.J., 1987, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 99, 1
  61. Norstrom R.J., 1976, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 33, 248, 10.1139/f76-035 · doi:10.1139/f76-035
  62. Oliver B.G., 1988, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 388, 10.1021/es00169a005 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Opperhuizen A., 1987, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 6, 335, 10.1002/etc.5620060503 · doi:10.1002/etc.5620060503
  64. Opperhuizen A., 1988, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22, 286, 10.1021/es00168a008 · DOI
  65. Opperhuizen A., 1985, Chemosphere, 14, 1871, 10.1016/0045-6535(85)90129-8 · doi:10.1016/0045-6535(85)90129-8
  66. Overton E., 1896, Vierteljahrsschr. Narturforsch. Ges. Zuerich, 41, 383
  67. Rufli H., 1998, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 39, 72, 10.1006/eesa.1997.1612 · DOI
  68. Russell R.W., 1999, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 416, 10.1021/es9800737 · doi:10.1021/es9800737
  69. Saarikoski J., 1982, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 6, 501, 10.1016/0147-6513(82)90032-X · DOI
  70. Staples C.A., 1997, Chemosphere, 35, 667, 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00195-1 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Stapleton H.M., 2004, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 112, 10.1021/es034746j · DOI · Paper page
  72. Stehly G.R., 1990, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 19, 464, 10.1007/BF01054993 · doi:10.1007/bf01054993
  73. Tietge J.E., 1998, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 2395, 10.1002/etc.5620171206 · doi:10.1002/etc.5620171206
  74. Tolls J., 1994, Chemosphere, 29, 693, 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90040-X · DOI
  75. Tomy G.T., 2004, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2298, 10.1021/es034968h · DOI · Paper page
  76. Toshima S., 1992, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 24, 26, 10.1016/0147-6513(92)90032-X · doi:10.1016/0147-6513(92)90032-x
  77. van der Linde A., 2001, Chemosphere, 44, 423, 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00213-7 · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00213-7
  78. Veith G.D., 1979, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 36, 1040, 10.1139/f79-146 · DOI · Paper page
  79. Wakabayashi M., 1987, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 13, 148, 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90002-9 · doi:10.1016/0147-6513(87)90002-9
  80. Walker S.L., 1999, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 1323
  81. Walker J.D., 2002, SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 13, 607, 10.1080/1062936021000020062 · DOI
  82. Xie W.H., 1997, Mar. Environ. Res., 44, 429, 10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00017-2 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,418

Metadata

Authors
Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A.
Venue
Environmental Reviews
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Published
2006-12-01
Volume
14
Issue
4
Pages
257-297
ISSN
  • 1181-8700 (ISSN-L)
  • 1208-6053
DOI
10.1139/a06-005
OpenAlex
W2021133788
Cited by
1,418
References
0
FWCI
10.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1139/a06-005
The paper
Arnot, J. A., & Gobas, F. A. (2006). A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. Environmental Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1139/a06-005

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.