Growth Rate and Body Composition of Fingerling Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to Temperature and Ration Size

Abstract

The growth of young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was studied at temperatures ranging from 1 to 24 C in relation to rations of 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6% of dry body weight per day, and at an "excess" ration. Optimum growth occurred at approximately 15 C for the two highest rations, shifting progressively to a lower temperature at each lower ration. The maximum growth rate for sockeye 5–7 months old was 2.6%/day; that for fish 7–12 months old was 1.6%/day. At 1 C a ration of 1.5%/day was sufficient to provide for a maximum growth rate of 0.23%/day. The maintenance ration was found to increase rapidly above 12 C, amounting to 2.6%/day at 20 C. No growth took place at approximately 23 C despite the presence of excess food.Isopleths for gross and net food-conversion efficiencies were calculated. A maximum gross efficiency of 25% occurred in a small area with a center at 11.5 C and a ration of 4.0%/day; a maximum net efficiency of 40% occurred within a range of 8–10 C for rations of 1.5%/day down to 0.8%/day, the maintenance level.Gross body constituents changed in response to the imposed conditions, varying in extreme from 86.9% water, 9.4% protein, and 1.0% fat for starved fish at 20 C to 71.3% water, 19.7% protein, and 7.6% fat on an excess ration at 15 C.It is concluded on the basis of growth and food-conversion efficiency that temperatures from 5 to 17 C are most favorable for young sockeye, and that a general physiological optimum occurs in the vicinity of 15 C.