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Encounter Probabilities and Community Structure in Zooplankton: a Mathematical Model
Abstract
Predator–prey interactions between swimming animals of the zooplankton are studied in a mathematical model. The assumptions are: 1) the animals are points in a 1-m 3 homogeneous space, 2) the animals move at random and are randomly distributed, and 3) the predator animal has an encounter radius given by its sensory system. The mathematics of encounter probabilities are developed for a 3-dimensional space. The results show two optimal strategies: 1) cruising predators which prey upon slow moving animals (herbivores), and 2) ambush (nonmoving) predators which prey upon fast cruising prey. Of the variables used (population densities, speeds of the two animal species, and encounter radius) the encounter radius has the greatest influence on the encounter probabilities. The results suggest a simple community structure and point to the importance of studies on live zooplankton.
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Cited by
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Bailey, K. M., & Houde, E. D. (1989) · Advances in Marine Biology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60187-x · Cited by 1,051
Feeding and nonfeeding larval development and life-history evolution in marine invertebrates
Strathmann, R. R. (1985) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.002011 · Cited by 686
Determination of Species Composition in the Enallagma Damselfly Assemblages of Permanent Lakes
McPeek, M. A. (1990) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1940249 · Cited by 295
The chemical defense ecology of marine unicellular plankton: constraints, mechanisms, and impacts
Wolfe, G. (2000) · The Biological Bulletin · doi:10.2307/1542526 · Cited by 263
“Grazers encounter prey at a rate of E ϭ /3 S p N p (3v g 2 ϩ v p 2 )/v g where N p is the prey density and v the speeds (Gerritsen and Strickler, 1977); the frequency of encounters thus increases with relative speed (prey speeds are often small compared to grazers).”
Medusan morphospace: phylogenetic constraints, biomechanical solutions, and ecological consequences
Costello, J. H., Colin, S. P., & Dabiri, J. O. (2008) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00126.x · Cited by 142
Metadata
- Authors
- Gerritsen, J., & Strickler, J. R.
- Venue
- Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 1977-01-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-82
- ISSN
- 0015-296X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031513975
- Cited by
- 832
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gerritsen, J., & Strickler, J. R. (1977). Encounter Probabilities and Community Structure in Zooplankton: a Mathematical Model. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-008
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
