Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
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Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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David, L., Kang, J., Dufresne, D., Zhu, D., & Chen, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22010191 · Cited by 29
“A biphasic methanol and chloroform method adapted from Bligh and Dyer [94] was used to obtain proteins, metabolites, and lipids from 100 mg of freeze-dried guard cells harvested from the mock and primed plants.”
Method
Metabolic Dynamics of In Vitro CD8+ T Cell Activation
Edwards-Hicks, J., Mitterer, M., Pearce, E. L., & Buescher, J. M. (2020) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11010012 · Cited by 25
Neutral lipids as early biomarkers of cellular fate: the case of α-synuclein overexpression
Alza, N. P., Conde, M. A., Bilbao, P., & Salvador, G. A. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-020-03254-7 · Cited by 30
Isolation and characterization of Lipomyces starkeyi mutants with greatly increased lipid productivity following UV irradiation
Takaku, H., Ebina, S., Kasuga, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.006 · Cited by 28
Beneficial Anti-Platelet and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Irish Apple Juice and Cider Bioactives
Τσούπρας, Α., Moran, D., Pleskach, H., et al. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10020412 · Cited by 28
“The total lipids (TL) from each sample were extracted as previously described [9,12] based on the Bligh and Dyer extraction method [13].”
Method
Post-Harvest Treatment with Methyl Jasmonate Impacts Lipid Metabolism in Tomato Pericarp (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Grape) at Different Ripening Stages
Meza, S. L. R., Tobaruela, E. D. C., Pascoal, G. B., et al. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10040877 · Cited by 28
Impact of fiber-rich donkey milk yogurt on apparent viscosity and sensory acceptance
Salgado, M. J. G., Ramos, M., Assis, D. D. J., et al. (2021) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111494 · Cited by 28
A novel oleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CU-TPD4 for lipid and biodiesel production
Watsuntorn, W., Chuengcharoenphanich, N., Niltaya, P., Butkumchote, C., Theerachat, M., Glinwong, C., Qi, W., Wang, Z., & Chulalaksananukul, W. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130782 · Cited by 30
Quo Vadis Caenorhabditis elegans Metabolomics—A Review of Current Methods and Applications to Explore Metabolism in the Nematode
Salzer, L., & Witting, M. A. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11050284 · Cited by 28
“For lipid extractions on the other hand, protocols from Folch and Bligh & Dyer are often used [35,36].”
Method
Isobutyrylcarnitine as a Biomarker of OCT1 Activity and Interspecies Differences in its Membrane Transport
Jensen, O., Matthaei, J., Klemp, H. G., Meyer, M. J., Brockmöller, J., & Tzvetkov, M. V. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.674559 · Cited by 30
Metreleptin therapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Open-label therapy interventions in two different clinical settings
Akıncı, B., Subauste, A. R., Ajluni, N., Esfandiari, N. H., Meral, R., Neidert, A., Eraslan, A., HENCH, R. P., Rus, D., McKenna, B. J., et al. (2021) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.001 · Cited by 28
Cultivation of microalgae on unhydrolysed waste molasses syrup using mass cultivation strategy for improved biodiesel
Khanra, A., Vasistha, S., Kumar, S. B., & Rai, M. P. (2021) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-021-02823-7 · Cited by 29
Maternal metabolic health drives mesenchymal stem cell metabolism and infant fat mass at birth
Erickson, M. L., Patinkin, Z. W., Duensing, A. M., Dabelea, D., Redman, L. M., & Boyle, K. E. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.146606 · Cited by 28
“Then, TG content was measured as described by us (40) using a modified Bligh and Dyer method (41).”
Method
Potential application values of a marine red yeast, Rhodosporidiums sphaerocarpum YLY01, in aquaculture and tail water treatment assessed by the removal of ammonia nitrogen, the inhibition to Vibrio spp., and nutrient composition
Yun, L., Wang, W., Li, Y., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246841 · Cited by 28
“Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method [23], and fatty acids content was determined by the Bligh-Dyer method [24].”
Method
Fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols from microalgae: targeting the accumulation by manipulating the light during growth
Ljubić, A., Holdt, S. L., Jakobsen, J., Bysted, A., & Jacobsen, C. (2021) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-021-02503-2 · Cited by 31
“Lipid extraction was carried out according to the Bligh and Dyer method (Bligh and Dyer 1959), with a reduced amount of solvent (30 mL of each).”
Method
Lipid profile of extracellular vesicles and their relationship with bovine oocyte developmental competence: New players in intra follicular cell communication
da Silveira, J. C., Andrade, G. M., Simas, R. C., Martins-Júnior, H. A., Eberlin, M. N., Smith, L. C., Perecin, F., & Meirelles, F. V. (2021) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.07.024 · Cited by 29
Xanthohumol Requires the Intestinal Microbiota to Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Logan, I. E., Shulzhenko, N., Sharpton, T. J., Bobe, G., Liu, K., Nuss, S., Jones, M. L., Miranda, C. L., Vasquez‐Perez, S., Pennington, J. M., et al. (2021) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202100389 · Cited by 27
Branched chain fatty acid synthesis drives tissue-specific innate immune response and infection dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus
Chen, X., Teoh, W. P., Stock, M. R., Resko, Z. J., & Alonzo, F. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009930 · Cited by 27
“Bacteria total lipid extraction Total lipids were extracted from S. aureus using the method of Bligh and Dyer [73].”
Method
Control of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant isolated from auricular infections using aqueous and methanolic extracts of Ephedra alata
Dbeibia, A., Taheur, F. B., Altammar, K. A., Haddaji, N., Mahdhi, A., Amri, Z., Mzoughi, R., & Jabeur, C. (2021) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.071 · Cited by 31
“Total lipids were extracts from powdred E. alata aerial parts according to Beligh and Dayer (Bligh and Dyer, 1959).”
Method
Exploring the endocannabinoidome in genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: Links with inflammation and gut microbiota
Suriano, F., Manca, C., Flamand, N., Depommier, C., Hul, M. V., Delzenne, N. M., Silvestri, C., Cani, P. D., & Marzo, V. D. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159056 · Cited by 28
Assessment of Fatty Acid-Specific Lipolysis by In Vitro Digestion and GC-FID
Tormási, J., & Abrankó, L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113889 · Cited by 28
“The Bligh and Dyer fat extraction method [27]—based on Folch’s method—was tested and performed as an alternative fat extraction method.”
Method
Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages
Bryan, A. M., You, J. K., Li, G., Kim, J., Singh, A., Morstein, J., Trauner, D. H., de Sá, N. P., Normile, T. G., Farnoud, A. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101411 · Cited by 27
Analysis and Quantification of Plant Membrane Lipids by Thin-Layer Chromatography and Gas Chromatography
Wewer, V., Dörmann, P., & Hölzl, G. (2013) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-401-2_8 · Cited by 28
Aquaculture and agriculture‐by products as sustainable sources of omega‐3 fatty acids in the food industry
Otero, P., Carpena, M., Fraga‐Corral, M., Garcia‐Oliveira, P., Soria-López, A., Barba, F. J., Xiao, J., Simal‐Gándara, J., & Prieto, M. A. (2021) · eFood · doi:10.53365/efood.k/144603 · Cited by 27
“8, v/v) in a two-step extraction protocol [95, 98].”
Method
Group IVE cytosolic phospholipase A 2 limits psoriatic inflammation by mobilizing the anti‐inflammatory lipid N ‐acylethanolamine
Liang, L., Takamiya, R., Miki, Y., Heike, K., Taketomi, Y., Sugimoto, N., Yamaguchi, M., Shitara, H., Nishito, Y., Kobayashi, T., et al. (2022) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202101958r · Cited by 30
Structuring functional mayonnaise incorporated with Himalayan walnut oil Pickering emulsions by ultrasound assisted emulsification
Akhtar, G., & Masoodi, F. A. (2022) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106022 · Cited by 32
“Oil extraction for oxidative stability assay Oil extraction from the mayonnaise samples was done following the method of Bligh & Dyer [21] with slight modification.”
Method
The Prebiotic Effect of Australian Seaweeds on Commensal Bacteria and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Simulated Gut Model
Shannon, E., Conlon, M. A., & Hayes, M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14102163 · Cited by 30
“Total lipids were quantified according to the Bligh and Dyer [79] chloroform-methanol-water method.”
Method
Normal HDL Cholesterol Efflux and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities in Type 2 Diabetes Despite Lipidomic Abnormalities
Denimal, D., Benanaya, S., Monier, S., Simoneau, I., de Barros, J.-P. P., Goff, W. L., Bouillet, B., Vergès, B. L., & Duvillard, L. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac339 · Cited by 28
Loss of FOCAD, operating via the SKI messenger RNA surveillance pathway, causes a pediatric syndrome with liver cirrhosis
Traspas, R. M., Teoh, T. S., Wong, P., Maier, M., Chia, C. Y., Lay, K., Ali, N. A., Larson, A. A., Mutairi, F. A., Al-Sannaa, N. A., et al. (2022) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01120-0 · Cited by 27

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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