Cited by 54,751Lipid metabolism and biosynthesisEdible Oils Quality and AnalysisFood Nutrient Composition and Product Development

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J.·1959·Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

DOI 10.1139/o59-099

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Abstract

Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can be carried out in approximately 10 minutes; it is efficient, reproducible, and free from deleterious manipulations. The wet tissue is homogenized with a mixture of chloroform and methanol in such proportions that a miscible system is formed with the water in the tissue. Dilution with chloroform and water separates the homogenate into two layers, the chloroform layer containing all the lipids and the methanolic layer containing all the non-lipids. A purified lipid extract is obtained merely by isolating the chloroform layer. The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.

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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES
Folch, J., Lees, M., & Stanley, G. H. S. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64849-5 · Cited by 65,189
PREPARATION OF LIPIDE EXTRACTS FROM BRAIN TISSUE
Folch, J., Ascoli, I., Lees, M. B., Meath, J. A., & Lebaron, F. N. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55987-1 · Cited by 1,341
Storage of Frozen Plaice Fillets
Dyer, W. J., & Morton, M. L. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-007 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Experimental Determination of Binodal Curves, Plait Points, and Tie Lines, in 50 Systems, each consisting of Water and Two Organic Liquids
Bonner, W. D. (1910) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j150116a004 · Cited by 46
Acetone–Water Mixtures for the Extraction and Rapid Estimation of Fats of Biological Materials, Particularly Fish Products
Dambergs, N. (1956) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f56-045 · Cited by 18

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BANCROFT W., 1895, Phys. Iiev., 3, 1

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Method
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Glomm, W. R., Molesworth, P. P., Yeşiltaş, B., et al. (2023) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108598 · Cited by 17
Synergy between Genome Mining, Metabolomics, and Bioinformatics Uncovers Antibacterial Chlorinated Carbazole Alkaloids and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster fromStreptomyces tubbatahanensissp. nov., a Novel Actinomycete Isolated from Sulu Sea, Philippines
Tenebro, C. P., Trono, D. J. V. L., Balida, L. A. P., et al. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03661-22 · Cited by 17
“3% aqueous NaCl mixture (94) and identified by twodimensional silica gel thin-layer chromatography.”
Method
Influences of rock fragment content and vegetation on soil microbial communities
Huang, L., Bao, W., Hu, H., et al. (2023) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2023.107018 · Cited by 17
Adaptations of Pseudoxylaria towards a comb-associated lifestyle in fungus-farming termite colonies
Fricke, J., Schalk, F., Kreuzenbeck, N. B., Seibel, E., Hoffmann, J., Dittmann, G., Conlon, B. H., Guo, H., de Beer, Z. W., Vassão, D. G., et al. (2023) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/s41396-023-01374-4 · Cited by 16
“Analysis of fungal carbohydrate and lipid-rich metabolite fractions by Elemental Analysis-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS) [40, 41] uncovered that under normal growth conditions (full medium), Termitomyces sp. T112 and Pseudoxylaria sp. X170LB showed only a slight negative trophic…”
Background
Filling gaps in animal welfare assessment through metabolomics
Fabrile, M. P., Ghidini, S., Conter, M., Varrà, M. O., Ianieri, A., & Zanardi, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1129741 · Cited by 20
Dual effects of extra virgin olive oil in acute wounds
Donato‐Trancoso, A., Faria, R. V. D. C., Ribeiro, B. C. D. S., Nogueira, J. D. S., Atella, G. C., Chen, L., & Romana‐Souza, B. (2023) · Wound Repair and Regeneration · doi:10.1111/wrr.13082 · Cited by 18
Sterol methyltransferases in uncultured bacteria complicate eukaryotic biomarker interpretations
Brown, M. O., Olagunju, B. O., Giner, J., & Welander, P. V. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37552-3 · Cited by 17
Doxorubicin inhibits phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and confers broad‐spectrum antifungal activity
Zhou, Y., Zhao, J., Yang, L., Bi, R., Qin, Z., Sun, P., Li, R., Zhao, M., Wang, Y., Chen, G. J., et al. (2023) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.18944 · Cited by 17
Compromised Myelin and Axonal Molecular Organization Following Adult-Onset Sulfatide Depletion
Dustin, E., Suárez‐Pozos, E., Stotesberry, C., Qiu, S., Palavicini, J. P., Han, X., & Dupree, J. L. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051431 · Cited by 15
“Lipids were extracted following a modified procedure of Bligh and Dyer in the presence of internal standards, which were added based on the total protein content of each sample [44,48].”
Method
The Heat Shock Transcription Factor HsfA Plays a Role in Membrane Lipids Biosynthesis Connecting Thermotolerance and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus
Fabri, J. H. T. M., Rocha, M. C., Fernandes, C. M., Campanella, J. E. M., da Cunha, A. F., Poeta, M. D., & Malavazi, I. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01627-23 · Cited by 21
“The supernatant was collected, dried, and submitted to Bligh and Dyer extraction (88).”
Method
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Abnormalities in Cardiolipin Composition and Distribution in Astrocytoma Tumor Tissues
Krieger, A. C., Macias, L. A., Goodman, J. C., Brodbelt, J. S., & Eberlin, L. S. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15102842 · Cited by 18
Impact of dehydration on the physiochemical properties of Nostoc calcicola BOT1 and its untargeted metabolic profiling through UHPLC-HRMS
Yadav, P., Singh, R. P., Alodaini, H. A., Hatamleh, A. A., Santoyo, G., Kumar, A., & Gupta, R. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1147390 · Cited by 17
“The total lipid content was extracted from 50 mg of dried cyanobacterial mat using a slightly modified version of Bligh and Dyer’s protocol (Bligh and Dyer, 1959).”
Method
Knockdown of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) reduces fat body lipid mobilization and resistance to starvation in the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus
Paula, I. F. D., Santos‐Araújo, S., Majerowicz, D., Ramos, I., & Gondim, K. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1201670 · Cited by 19
“Samples were centrifuged at 1,000 g at 4 °C for 5 min, supernatants were collected and lipids were extracted into chloroform (Bligh and Dyer, 1959).”
Method
Restoration of PITPNA in Type 2 diabetic human islets reverses pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction
Yeh, Y., Sona, C., Yan, X., Li, Y., Pathak, A., McDermott, M. I., Xie, Z., Liu, L., Arunagiri, A., Wang, Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39978-1 · Cited by 17
“A modified protocol of Bligh & Dyer 617 was used to extract lipids from cells (Bligh and Dyer, 1959).”
Method
Bioconversion of olive oil pomace by black soldier fly increases eco-efficiency in solid waste stream reduction producing tailored value-added insect meals
Ameixa‍, O. M. C. C., Pinho, M., Domingues, M. R., & Lillebø, A. I. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287986 · Cited by 21
“Total lipid extraction was performed according to a modified Bligh and Dyer [32] protocol.”
Method
Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-overexpression stimulates lipid turnover, oil production and fitness in cold-grown plants
Klińska, S., Kędzierska, S., Demski, K., & Banaś, A. (2023) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04379-5 · Cited by 16
The Biostimulant, Potassium Humate Ameliorates Abiotic Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by Increasing Starch Availability
Benito, P., Bellón, J., Porcel, R., Yenush, L., & Mulet, J. M. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241512140 · Cited by 18
Medium-chain triglycerides and the impact on fat absorption, growth, nutritional status and clinical outcomes in children with cholestatic liver disease: A scoping review
Mancell, S., Manwani, K., Dhawan, A. K., & Whelan, K. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.010 · Cited by 17
Advanced strategies for effective treatment of vanadium (III) polluted water by potential microalgae
Patel, A. K., Tambat, V. S., Singhania, R. R., Chen, C., Pandey, A., Chang, J., & Dong, C. (2023) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2023.105166 · Cited by 17
Lipidomic diversity and proxy implications of archaea from cold seep sediments of the South China Sea
Zhang, T., He, W., Liang, Q., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241958 · Cited by 17
“The powered sediments were used to extract the total lipid with the modified Bligh & Dyer lipid extraction procedure (Bligh and Dyer, 1959; White et al., 1979; Sturt et al., 2004).”
Method
Imipramine Treatment Alters Sphingomyelin, Cholesterol, and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Isolated Macrophage Lysosomes
Albright, J. M., Sydor, M. J., Shannahan, J. H., Ferreira, C. R., & Holian, A. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13121732 · Cited by 17
“Di-4-ANEPPDHQ (cat # D36802, Thermo Fisher Scientiﬁc) was used as the ﬂuorescence probe and was added to the isolated lysosomes for a ﬁnal concentration of 400 nM.”
Method
Processing of LtaS restricts LTA assembly and YSIRK preprotein trafficking into Staphylococcus aureus cross-walls
Ibrahim, A. M., Azam, M. S., Schneewind, O., & Missiakas, D. M. (2024) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02852-23 · Cited by 19
“Membrane lipids from S. aureus were extracted using a modified Bligh-Dyer method (37, 60).”
Method
Mapping the lipidome in mitochondria‐associated membranes ( MAMs ) in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease
Fernandes, T., Melo, T., Conde, T., Neves, B., Domingues, P. M., Resende, R., Pereira, C., Moreira, P. I., & Domingues, M. R. (2024) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.16072 · Cited by 18
“The total lipid of each subcellular fraction was extracted according to the Bligh and Dyer method (Bligh & Dyer, 1959).”
Method
First Proof of Concept of a Click Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction for Assigning the Regiochemistry of Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds in Untargeted Lipidomics
Cerrato, A., Cavaliere, C., Laganà, A., et al. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02146 · Cited by 17
Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDLR KO Mice but Not in ApoE Knockout Mice
Chaix, A., Lin, T. C., Ramms, B., Cutler, R. G., Le, T., Lopez, C., Miu, P., Pinto, A. F. M., Saghatelian, A., Playford, M. P., et al. (2024) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.124.320998 · Cited by 18
Bioconversion of C1 and C2 artificial photosynthesis products into high-value bioproducts by mixotrophic microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Mao, B.-D., Vadiveloo, A., Li, K., Qiu, J., & Gao, F. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.155979 · Cited by 17
Forum: a Practical Introduction to Stable-isotope Analysis for Seabird Biologists: Approaches, Cautions and Caveats
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Gene regulation of lipid and phospholipid metabolism in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae
Li, K., Östensen, M., Attramadal, K. J. K., et al. (2015) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.006 · Cited by 17
Analysis of complex lipidomes
Uphoff, A., Hermansson, M., Haimi, P., & Somerharju, P. J. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044451980-1.50013-6 · Cited by 21
QUALITY AND STORAGE STABILITY OF CHICKEN MEAT PATTIES INCORPORATED WITH LINSEED OIL
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Chapter 2 Separation, clean-up and recoveries of persistent trace organic contaminants from soils, sediment and biological matrices
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Isolation and characterization of a green alga Neochloris sp. for CO2 fixation
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[27] Analysis of ceramide 1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase activities
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The Influence of Dietary Lipid Composition on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria From Mice Following Eight Months of Calorie Restriction
Chen, Y., Hagopian, K., Bibus, D. M., Villalba, J. M., López‐Lluch, G., Navas, P., Kim, K., & Ramsey, J. J. (2014) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.932529 · Cited by 17

Authors: Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J.
Venue: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1959-08-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 911-917
ISSN: 0576-5544 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1139/o59-099
OpenAlex: W2152311269
Cited by: 54,751
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 1149 · 2025: 1534 · 2024: 1685 · 2023: 1749 · 2022: 1802 · 2021: 2073 · 2020: 2152 · 2019: 1870 · 2018: 1737 · 2017: 1784 · 2016: 1780 · 2015: 1800 · 2014: 1786 · 2013: 1758 · 2012: 1551
FWCI: 8.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development
Keywords: lipid extraction, lipid purification, chloroform-methanol extraction, frozen fish, lipid degradation, fish muscle, tissue homogenization, rapid extraction method
MeSH terms: Fishes, Lipids

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A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION

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