Cited by 188Biochemical and Molecular ResearchDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsAdenosine and Purinergic Signaling

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Recent advances in the molecular biology of nucleoside transporters of mammalian cells

Cass, Carol E, Young, James D, Baldwin, Stephen A·1998·Biochemistry and Cell Biology

DOI 10.1139/o98-095

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Nucleosides are hydrophilic molecules and require specialized transport proteins for permeation of cell membranes. There are two types of nucleoside transport processes: equilibrative bidirectional processes driven by chemical gradients and inwardly directed concentrative processes driven by the sodium electrochemical gradient. The equilibrative nucleoside transport processes (es, ei) are found in most mammalian cell types, whereas the concentrative nucleoside transport processes (cit, cif, cib, csg, cs) are present primarily in specialized epithelia. Using a variety of cloning strategies and functional expression in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, we have isolated and characterized cDNAs encoding the rat and human nucleoside transporter proteins of the four major nucleoside transport processes of mammalian cells (es, ei, cit, cif). From the sequence relationships of these proteins with each other and with sequences in the public data bases, we have concluded that the equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transport processes are mediated by members of two previously unrecognized groups of integral membrane proteins, which we have designated the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) and the concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) protein families. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge in the molecular biology of the ENT and CNT protein families, focusing on the characteristics of the four human (h) and rat (r) nucleoside transport proteins (r/hENT1, r/h…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1139/o98-095

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Functional nucleoside transporters are required for gemcitabine influx and manifestation of toxicity in cancer cell lines.
Mackey, J. R., Mani, R. S., Selner, M., Mowles, D., YOUNG, J., Belt, J. A., Crawford, C. R., & Cass, C. E. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 599
Self-citation
Nucleoside and nucleobase transport systems of mammalian cells
Griffith, D. A., & Jarvis, S. M. (1996) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0304-4157(96)00008-1 · Cited by 493
Cloning of a human nucleoside transporter implicated in the Cellular uptake of adenosine and chemotherapeutic drugs
Griffiths, M., Beaumont, N., Yao, S. Y. M., Sundaram, M., Boumah, C. E., Davies, A., Kwong, F. Y. P., Coe, I., Cass, C. E., Young, J. D., et al. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0197-89 · Cited by 422
Self-citation
Nucleoside and nucleobase transport in animal cells
Plagemann, P. G. W., Wohlhueter, R. M., & Woffendin, C. (1988) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(88)90002-0 · Cited by 361
Molecular cloning and characterization of a nitrobenzylthioinosine-insensitive (ei) equilibrative nucleoside transporter from human placenta
GRIFFITHS, M., YAO, Y. M. S., ABIDI, F., PHILLIPS, E. V. S., CASS, E. C., YOUNG, D. J., & BALDWIN, A. S. (1997) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3280739 · Cited by 277
Transport of nucleoside drugs in animal cells
Paterson, A. R. P., Kolassa, N., & Cass, C. E. (1981) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(81)90096-6 · Cited by 238
Self-citation
Molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNAs encoding a human Na+-nucleoside cotransporter (hCNT1)
Ritzel, M. W. L., Yao, S. Y., Huang, M., Elliott, J. F., Cass, C. E., & Young, J. D. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.2.c707 · Cited by 234
Self-citation
Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter Proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from Rat Tissues
Yao, S. Y. M., Ng, A. M. L., Muzyka, W. R., Griffiths, M. N. D., Cass, C. E., Baldwin, S. A., & Young, J. D. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.45.28423 · Cited by 225
Self-citation
Cloning of the Human Equilibrative, Nitrobenzylmercaptopurine Riboside (NBMPR)-insensitive Nucleoside Transporter ei by Functional Expression in a Transport-deficient Cell Line
Crawford, C. R., Patel, D. H., Naeve, C. W., & Belt, J. A. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.9.5288 · Cited by 222
Cloning and functional expression of a complementary DNA encoding a mammalian nucleoside transport protein.
Huang, Q. Q., Yao, S., Ritzel, M. W. L., Paterson, A. R., Cass, C. E., & Young, J. D. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32370-0 · Cited by 216
Self-citation
Molecular cloning, functional expression and chromosomal localization of a cDNA encoding a human Na+/nucleoside cotransporter (hCNT2) selective for purine nucleosides and uridine
Rlteel, M. W. L., Yaof, S. Y. M., Ng, A. M. L., Mackeyt, J. R., Cass, C. E., & Young, J. D. (1998) · Molecular Membrane Biology · doi:10.3109/09687689709044322 · Cited by 187
Self-citation
Nucleoside transport in normal and neoplastic cells
Belt, J. A., Marina, N. M., Phelps, D. A., & Crawford, C. R. (1993) · Advances in Enzyme Regulation · doi:10.1016/0065-2571(93)90021-5 · Cited by 164
Cloning and functional expression of a mammalian Na+/nucleoside cotransporter. A member of the SGLT family.
Pajor, A. M., & Wright, E. M. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50557-9 · Cited by 160
Sodium-dependent nucleoside transport in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Two transport systems with differing substrate specificities.
Vijayalakshmi, D., & Belt, J. A. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77649-2 · Cited by 158
Primary Structure and Functional Expression of a cDNA Encoding the Bile Canalicular, Purine-specific Na+-Nucleoside Cotransporter
Che, M., Ortiz, D. F., & Arias, I. M. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.23.13596 · Cited by 157
Nucleoside transport and its significance for anticancer drug resistance
MACKEY, J., Baldwin, S. A., YOUNG, J., & Cass, C. E. (1998) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/s1368-7646(98)80047-2 · Cited by 149
Self-citation
Nucleoside Transporters of Mammalian Cells
Cass, C. E., Young, J. D., Baldwin, S. A., Cabrita, M. A., Graham, K., Griffiths, M. N. D., Jennings, L. L., Mackey, J. R., Ng, A. M. L., Ritzel, M. W. L., et al. (2002) · Pharmaceutical biotechnology · doi:10.1007/0-306-46812-3_12 · Cited by 143
Self-citation
Na+-dependent purine nucleoside transporter from human kidney: cloning and functional characterization
Wang, J., Su, S., Dresser, M. J., Schaner, M. E., Washington, C. B., & Giacomini, K. M. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.6.f1058 · Cited by 128
Heterogeneity of nucleoside transport in mammalian cells. Two types of transport activity in L1210 and other cultured neoplastic cells.
Belt, J. A. (1983) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)14455-6 · Cited by 122
A Common Basis for Inhibition of Nucleoside Transport by Dipyridamole and Nitrobenzylthioinosine?
Paterson, A. R. P., Lau, E. Y., Dahlig-Harley, E., & Cass, C. E. (1980) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)14216-8 · Cited by 122
Self-citation
Chimeric Constructs between Human and Rat Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (hENT1 and rENT1) Reveal hENT1 Structural Domains Interacting with Coronary Vasoactive Drugs
Sundaram, M., Yao, S. Y. M., Ng, A. M. L., Griffiths, M. N. D., Cass, C. E., Baldwin, S. A., & Young, J. D. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34.21519 · Cited by 114
Self-citation
The transport systems of mammalian lysosomes
Pisoni, R. L., & Thoene, J. G. (1991) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(91)90002-e · Cited by 111
Sodium-dependent nucleoside transport in choroid plexus from rabbit. Evidence for a single transporter for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides.
Wu, X., Yuan, G., Brett, C. M. A., Hui, A. C., & Giacomini, K. M. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50352-0 · Cited by 103
Erythrocyte nucleoside transport: asymmetrical binding of nitrobenzylthioinosine to nucleoside permeation sites
Jarvis, S. M., McBride, D., & Young, J. D. (1982) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014099 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
Functional and Molecular Characteristics of Na+-dependent Nucleoside Transporters
Wang, J., Schaner, M. E., Thomassen, S., Su, S., Piquette‐Miller, M., & Giacomini, K. M. (1997) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1012113931332 · Cited by 93
Challenging times for bioinformatics
Casari, G., Andrade-Navarro, M. A., Peer Bork, B., Boyle, J., de Daruvar, A., Ouzounis, C. A., Schneider, R., Tamames, J., Valencia, A., & Sander, C. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376647a0 · Cited by 88
Nucleoside transport in L1210 murine leukemia cells. Evidence for three transporters.
Crawford, C. R., Ng, C. Y., Noel, L. D., & Belt, J. A. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38732-0 · Cited by 86
Cloning of the nupC gene of Escherichia coli encoding a nucleoside transport system, and identification of an adjacent Insertion element, IS 186
Craig, J. E., Zhang, Y., & Gallagher, M. P. (1994) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00392.x · Cited by 85
Functional expression of Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transport systems of rat intestine in isolated oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Demonstration that rat jejunum expresses the purine-selective system N1 (cif) and a second, novel system N3 having broad specificity for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides.
Huang, Q. Q., Harvey, C. M., Paterson, A. R., Cass, C. E., & Young, J. D. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(20)80769-8 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
Nucleoside transport in rat erythrocytes: two components with differences in sensitivity to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine andp-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate
Jarvis, S. M., & Young, J. D. (1986) · The Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/bf01871013 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Transport of adenosine by recombinant purine- and pyrimidine-selective sodium/nucleoside cotransporters from rat jejunum expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Yao, S., Ng, A. M., Ritzel, M. W. L., Gati, W. P., Cass, C. E., & Young, J. D. (1996) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09611-7 · Cited by 75
Self-citation
Demonstration of the existence of mRNAs encoding N1/cif and N2/cit sodium/nucleoside cotransporters in rat brain
Anderson, C. M., Xiong, W., Young, J. D., Cass, C. E., & Parkinson, F. E. (1996) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(96)00244-6 · Cited by 73
Self-citation
Nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive nucleoside transport system: mechanism of inhibition by dipyridamole.
Jarvis, S. M. (1986) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)10421-5 · Cited by 72
Demonstration of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (hENT1 and hENT2) in Nuclear Envelopes of Cultured Human Choriocarcinoma (BeWo) Cells by Functional Reconstitution in Proteoliposomes
Mani, R. S., Hammond, J. R., Marjan, J. M. J., Graham, K., Young, J. D., Baldwin, S. A., & Cass, C. E. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.46.30818 · Cited by 70
Self-citation
Substrate selectivity, potential sensitivity and stoichiometry of Na+-nucleoside transport in brush border membrane vesicles from human kidney
Gutierrez, M. M., & Giacomini, K. M. (1993) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(93)90202-b · Cited by 68
Na+-dependent nucleoside transport in liver: two different isoforms from the same gene family are expressed in liver cells
Felipe, A., Valdés, R., del SANTO, B., Lloberas, J., Casado, J. F., & Pastor‐Anglada, M. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3300997 · Cited by 67
Functional characterization of a recombinant sodium-dependent nucleoside transporter with selectivity for pyrimidine nucleosides (cNT1rat) by transient expression in cultured mammalian cells
Fang, X., Parkinson, F. E., Mowles, D., Young, J. D., & Cass, C. E. (1996) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3170457 · Cited by 65
Self-citation
Nucleoside transport in brush border membrane vesicles from human kidney
Gutierrez, M. M., Brett, C. M., Ott, R. J., Hui, A. C., & Giacomini, K. M. (1992) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(92)90156-g · Cited by 64
Transport of the antiviral nucleoside analogs 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine by a recombinant nucleoside transporter (rCNT) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Yao, S., Cass, C. E., & Young, J. D. (1996) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09252-1 · Cited by 64
Self-citation
Detection and Characterization of a Nucleoside Transport System in Human Fibroblast Lysosomes
Pisoni, R. L., & Thoene, J. G. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83669-9 · Cited by 63
Identification of a Novel Membrane Transporter Associated with Intracellular Membranes by Phenotypic Complementation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Hogue, D. L., Ellison, M. J., Young, J. D., & Cass, C. E. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9801 · Cited by 61
Self-citation
Characterization of a Novel Na+-dependent, Guanosine-specific, Nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive Transporter in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells
Flanagan, S. A., & Meckling‐Gill, K. A. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.29.18026 · Cited by 61
Molecular Determinants of Substrate Selectivity in Na+-dependent Nucleoside Transporters
Wang, J., & Giacomini, K. M. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.46.28845 · Cited by 59
Purification of the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter by immunoaffinity chromatography.
KWONG, F. Y. P., Davies, A., Tse, C., Young, J. D., Henderson, P. J. F., & Baldwin, S. A. (1988) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 58
Self-citation
ADENOSINE TRANSPORT IN NERVOUS SYSTEM TISSUES
Geiger, J. D., & Fyda, D. M. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-672640-4.50007-8 · Cited by 58
Nucleoside Transport Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Buolamwini, J. K. (1997) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867304666220309201038 · Cited by 53
Expression of high levels of nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive nucleoside transport in cultured human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells
Boumah, C. E., Hogue, D. L., & Cass, C. E. (1992) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2880987 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Hypoxanthine enters human vascular endothelial cells (ECV 304) via the nitrobenzylthioinosine-insensitive equilibrative nucleoside transporter
Osses, N., Pearson, J. D., Yudilevich, D. L., & Jarvis, S. M. (1996) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3170843 · Cited by 51
Nitrobenzylthioinosine-insensitive uridine transport in human lymphoblastoid and murine leukemia cells
Belt, J. A. (1983) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(83)91165-8 · Cited by 36
A Mammalian Delayed-Early Response Gene Encodes Hnp36, a Novel, Conserved Nucleolar Protein
Williams, J. B., & Lanahan, A. A. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2133 · Cited by 34
Assignment of the Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter (hENT1) to 6p21.1–p21.2
Coe, I. R., Griffiths, M. N. D., Young, J. D., Baldwin, S. A., & Cass, C. E. (1997) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4928 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Transient Expression of a Purine-Selective Nucleoside Transporter (SPNTint) in a Human Cell Line (HeLa)
Schaner, M. E., Wang, J., Zevin, S., Gerstin, K. M., & Giacomini, K. M. (1997) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1012148016794 · Cited by 31
External location of sites on pig erythrocyte membranes that bind nitrobenzylthioinosine.
Agbanyo, F. R., Cass, C. E., & Paterson, A. R. P. (1988) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)13205-7 · Cited by 27
Self-citation
Conjugates of Fluorescein and Saenta (5′-S-(2-Aminoethyl)-N6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-5′-thioadenosine): Flow Cytometry Probes for theESNucleoside Transporter Elements of the Plasma Membrane
Buolamwini, J. K., Craik, J. D., Wiley, J. S., ROBINS, M. J., Gati, W. P., Cass, C. E., & Paterson, A. R. P. (1994) · Nucleosides and Nucleotides · doi:10.1080/15257779408013276 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
5′-S-(2-aminoethyl)-N6-(4-nitrobenzyl)-5′-thioadenosine (SAENTA), a novel ligand with high affinity for polypeptides associated with nucleoside transport. Partial purification of the nitrobenzylthioinosine-binding protein of pig erythrocytes by affinity chromatography
Agbanyo, F. R., Vijayalakshmi, D., Craik, J. D., Gati, W. P., McAdam, D. P., Asakura, J., ROBINS, M. J., Paterson, A. R. P., & Cass, C. E. (1990) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2700605 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Nucleoside influx and efflux in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition by analogoues of lidoflazine
Conant, A. R., & Jarvis, S. M. (1994) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)90357-3 · Cited by 20
Stable expression of a recombinant sodium-dependent, pyrimidine-selective nucleoside transporter (CNT1) in a transport-deficient mouse leukemia cell line
Crawford, C. R., Cass, C. E., Young, J. D., & Belt, J. A. (1998) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-76-5-843 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Adenosine transport in cultured cells and erythrocytes.
Ce, C., Ja, B., & Paterson, A. R. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 18
(3H)dipyridamole and (3H)nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites at the human parietal cortex and erythrocyte adenosine transporter: A comparison
Deckert, J., Hennemann, A., Bereznai, B., Fritze, J., Vock, R., Marangos, P. J., & Riederer, P. F. (1994) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(94)00276-2 · Cited by 8

Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
Sweeney, M. D., Zhao, Z., Montagne, A., Nelson, A. R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2017 · Cited by 2,312
The Role and Regulation of Adenosine in the Central Nervous System
Dunwiddie, T. V., & Masino, S. A. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.31 · Cited by 1,632
Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action
Fisone, G., Borgkvist, A., & Usiello, A. (2004) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) · doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3269-3 · Cited by 538
Drug Transporters in the Central Nervous System: Brain Barriers and Brain Parenchyma Considerations
Lee, G. S., Dallas, S., Hong, M., & Bendayan, R. (2001) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01513-8 · Cited by 549
Mammalian Pyrimidine Biosynthesis: Fresh Insights into an Ancient Pathway
Evans, D. R., & Guy, H. I. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r400007200 · Cited by 477

See all 188

Authors: Cass, C. E., Young, J. D., & Baldwin, S. A.
Affiliations: University of Alberta (CA)
ORCID: Young, James D
Venue: Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Published: 1998-10-01
Volume: 76
Issue: 5
Pages: 761-770
ISSN: 0829-8211 (ISSN-L)
1208-6002
DOI: 10.1139/o98-095
OpenAlex: W2125916741
Cited by: 185
References: 60
Citations by year: 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 4.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations: Biochemistry and Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
Keywords: nucleoside transporters, sodium-dependent transport, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, ENT2, CNT1, CNT2, cDNA cloning, Xenopus oocyte expression, integral membrane proteins, mammalian cells
MeSH terms: Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cloning, Molecular, Multigene Family, Humans, Models, Chemical, Nucleosides, Membrane Transport Proteins, Symporters, Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Recent advances in the molecular biology of nucleoside transporters of mammalian cells

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources