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Compression ensembles quantify aesthetic complexity and the evolution of visual art
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To the human eye, different images appear more or less complex, but capturing this intuition in a single aesthetic measure is considered hard. Here, we propose a computationally simple, transparent method for modeling aesthetic complexity as a multidimensional algorithmic phenomenon, which enables the systematic analysis of large image datasets. The approach captures visual family resemblance via a multitude of image transformations and subsequent compressions, yielding explainable embeddings. It aligns well with human judgments of visual complexity, and performs well in authorship and style recognition tasks. Showcasing the functionality, we apply the method to 125,000 artworks, recovering trends and revealing new insights regarding historical art, artistic careers over centuries, and emerging aesthetics in a contemporary NFT art market. Our approach, here applied to images but applicable more broadly, provides a new perspective to quantitative aesthetics, connoisseurship, multidimensional meaning spaces, and the study of cultural complexity.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Karjus, A., Canet Solà, M., Ohm, T., Ahnert, S. E., & Schich, M.
- Affiliations
- Tallinn University (EE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Karjus, Andres
- Venue
- EPJ Data Science
- Published
- 2023-06-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2193-1127 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4380685139
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- EPJ Data Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (810961)
- Royal Society
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Art, Technology, and Culture
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
- Keywords
- image compression, algorithmic complexity, visual arts, art style recognition, authorship attribution, image transformation, NFT art, art history, artistic career, cultural complexity
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