The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The landscape of the quantum start-up ecosystem
Open accessAbstract
The second quantum revolution has been producing groundbreaking scientific and technological outputs since the early 2000s; however, the scientific literature on the impact of this revolution on the industry, specifically on start-ups, is limited. In this paper, we present a landscaping study with a gathered dataset of 441 companies from 42 countries that we identify as quantum start-ups, meaning that they mainly focus on quantum technologies (QT) as their primary priority business. We answer the following questions: (1) What are the temporal and geographical distributions of the quantum start-ups? (2) How can we categorize them, and how are these categories populated? (3) Are there any patterns that we can derive from empirical data on trends? We found that more than 92% of these companies have been founded within the last 10 years, and more than 50% of them are located in the US, the UK, and Canada. We categorized the QT start-ups into six fields: (i) complementary technologies, (ii) quantum computing (hardware), (iii) quantum computing (software/application/simulation), (iv) quantum cryptography/communication, (v) quantum sensing and metrology, and (vi) supporting companies, and analyzed the population of each field both for countries, and temporally. Finally, we argue that low levels of quantum start-up activity in a country might be an indicator of a national initiative to be adopted afterwards, which later sees both an increase in the number of start-ups, and a diversification of activity in different QT fields.
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“This is in line with previous research noting that new startups, in particular, are more likely to favour quantum computing over the other domains[48].”
From The quantum technology job market: data driven analysis of 3641 job posts (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
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Cites
Quantum Chemistry in the Age of Quantum Computing
Cao, Y., Romero, J., Olson, J. P., Degroote, M., Johnson, P. D., Kieferová, M., Kivlichan, I. D., Menke, T., Peropadre, B., Sawaya, N. P. D., et al. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00803 · Cited by 1,560
Quantum Chemistry in the Age of Quantum Computing
Cao, Y., Romero, J., Olson, J., Degroote, M., Johnson, P., Kieferová, M., Kivlichan, I., Menke, T., Peropadre, B., Sawaya, N., et al. (n.d.) · OPUS - Open Publications of UTS Scholars (University of Technology Sydney) · Cited by 1,265
Quantum technology: the second quantum revolution
Dowling, J. P., & Milburn, G. J. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2003.1227 · Cited by 1,046
Quantum computing for finance: Overview and prospects
Orús, R., Mugel, S., & Lizaso, E. (2019) · Reviews in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.revip.2019.100028 · Cited by 792
Commercial applications of quantum computing
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Industry quantum computing applications
Bayerstadler, A., Becquin, G., Binder, J., Botter, T., Ehm, H., Ehmer, T., Erdmann, M., Gaus, N., Harbach, P. H. P., Hess, M., et al. (2021) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-021-00114-x · Cited by 236
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Beyond quantum supremacy: the hunt for useful quantum computers
Brooks, M. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02936-3 · Cited by 103
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Padma TV. India bets big on quantum technology. Nature [Internet]. 2020 Feb 3 [cited 2022 Feb 11]; Available from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00288-x.
- Patents KM. Publications and investments in quantum technologies [Internet]. Rochester: Social Science Research Network; 2020. Sep [cited 2022 Mar 8]. Report No.: ID 3734185. Available from https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3734185.
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The quantum technology job market: data driven analysis of 3641 job posts
Goorney, S., Karydi, E., Muñoz, B., Santesson, O., Seskir, Z. C., Tudoran, A. A., & Sherson, J. (2026) · EPJ Quantum Technology · doi:10.1140/epjqt/s40507-026-00477-z · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Seskir, Z. C., Korkmaz, R., & Aydinoglu, A. U.
- Affiliations
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Middle East Technical University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Seskir, Zeki Can
- ORCID
- Seskir, Zeki Can
- Venue
- EPJ Quantum Technology
- Published
- 2022-10-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2196-0763 (ISSN-L)
- 2662-4400
- OpenAlex
- W4306685146
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- EPJ Quantum Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- KITopen (cc-by)
- Funders
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Firm Innovation and Growth
- Keywords
- second quantum revolution, quantum computing hardware, quantum computing software, quantum cryptography, quantum communication, quantum sensing, quantum metrology, complementary technologies
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