ENERGY CONDITIONS AND THEIR COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Open accessAbstract
The energy conditions of general relativity permit one to deduce very powerful and general theorems about the behaviour of strong gravitational fields and cosmological geometries. However, the energy conditions these theorems are based on are beginning to look a lot less secure than they once seemed: (1) there are subtle quantum effects that violate all of the energy conditions, and more tellingly (2), there are also relatively benign looking classical systems that violate all the energy conditions. This opens up a Pandora's box of rather disquieting possibilities --- everything from negative asymptotic mass, to traversable wormholes, to warp drives, up to and including time machines.
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The strong energy condition seems to be violated at the largest cosmological scales.
“However, SEC seems to be violated at the largest cosmological scales [50-54].”
From Alcubierre warp drive in spherical coordinates with some matter configurations (2023) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- VISSER, M., & BARCELÓ, C.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- COSMO-99
- Publisher
- WORLD SCIENTIFIC
- Published
- 2000-09
- Pages
- 98-112
- OpenAlex
- W1991643037
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 23.19
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe (COSMO) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Advanced Differential Geometry Research
- Keywords
- energy conditions, general relativity, strong gravitational fields, cosmic geometry, quantum effects, traversable wormholes, warp drive, time machine, singularity theorems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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