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The Western Arabia rift system

Quennell, A. M.·1984·Geological Society, London, Special Publications

DOI 10.1144/gsl.sp.1984.017.01.62

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Abstract

Summary The origin of the Dead Sea rift has generally been linked with that of the Red Sea, the widening of the latter involving left-lateral strike-slip on the rift. Its extension through the Lebanese fold belt has been denied by some because of the absence of linear and displacement continuity. Others, however, have been unable to see any other choice in spite of these difficulties, but a satisfying structural model has not yet been offered. The present author claims that the rift system is a transform plate boundary between the Arabian plate and the Sinai-Levant plate, but without uniformity along its length. It is here suggested that during the Lower Miocene the Arabian planation surface, which before the opening of the Red Sea was the probable extension of the African mid-Tertiary surface, was ruptured by the first phase of movement on the west Arabian transform fault system, which probably reflected a geosuture zone in the continental plate and was originally a simple arc. The Arabian plate moved northward with the opening of the Red Sea and the closing of the Bitlis ocean, leaving behind the Sinai-Levantine part of the African Plate. Oblique compression on the northern Syria unstable platform across the East Anatolian transform fault caused dextral distortion on the Lebanon-Palmyra zone to create mountain ranges of two styles and a translation in the alignment of the rift segment. This inhibited further uniform strike-slip movement on the rift and displacement on the Yammouné fault was subsequently predominantly vertical. The movements on the rifts to the south and the north thus became independent. There was Arabian plate lithosphere consumption north-east of the Houlé depression to accommodate the second phase of rift movement. On the basis of this explanation, the vexed question of transmission of left lateral strike-slip across the Lebanon segment does not arise.

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Authors: Quennell, A. M.
Affiliations: University of Bristol (GB)
Corresponding author: Quennell, A. M.
Venue: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 1984-01
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 775-788
ISSN: 0305-8719 (ISSN-L)
2041-4927
DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1984.017.01.62
OpenAlex: W2075781751
Cited by: 137
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.org/10.15223/policy-002 (stm-asf)
Locations: Geological Society London Special Publications (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › earthquake and tectonic studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
Keywords: Dead Sea Rift, Red Sea opening, transform plate boundary, Arabian Plate, oblique compression, Early Miocene

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The Western Arabia rift system

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