CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 64

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Mapping Chicxulub crater structure with gravity and seismic reflection data

Hildebrand, A. R., Pilkington, M., Ortiz-Aleman, C., Chavez, R. E., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Connors, M., Graniel-Castro, E., Camara-Zi, A., Halpenny, J. F., Niehaus, D.·1998·Geological Society, London, Special Publications
DOI 10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.140.01.12
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Aside from its significance in establishing the impact-mass extinction paradigm, the Chicxulub crater will probably come to exemplify the structure of large complex craters. Much of Chicxulub’s structure may be ‘mapped’ by tying its gravity expression to seismic-reflection profiles revealing an ∼180 km diameter for the now-buried crater. The distribution of karst topography aids in outlining the peripheral crater structure as also revealed by the horizontal gradient of the gravity anomaly. The fracturing inferred to control groundwater flow is apparently related to subsidence of the crater fill. Modelling the crater’s gravity expression based on a schematic structural model reveals that the crater fill is also responsible for the majority of the negative anomaly. The crater’s melt sheet and central structural uplift are the other significant contributors to its gravity expression. The Chicxulub impact released ∼1.2 × 10 31 ergs based on the observed collapsed disruption cavity of ∼86 km diameter reconstructed to an apparent disruption cavity ( D ad ) of ∼94 km diameter (equivalent to the excavation cavity) and an apparent transient cavity ( D at ) of ∼80 km diameter. This impact energy, together with the observed ∼2 × 10 11 g global Ir fluence in the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) fireball layer indicates that the impactor was a comet estimated as massing ∼1.8 × 10 18 g of ∼16.5 km diameter assuming a 0.6 gcm −3 density. Dust-induced darkness and cold, wind, giant waves, thermal pulses from the impact fireball and re-entering ejecta, acid rain, ozone-layer depletion, cooling from stratospheric aerosols, H 2 O greenhouse, CO 2 greenhouse, poisons and mutagens, and oscillatory climate have been proposed as deleterious environmental effects of the Chicxulub impact with durations ranging from a few minutes to a million years. This succession of effects defines a temperature curve that is characteristic of large impacts. Although some patterns may be recognized in the K-T extinctions, and the survivorship rules changed across the boundary, relating specific environmental effects to species’ extinctions is not yet possible. Geochemical records across the boundary support the occurrence a prompt thermal pulse, acid rain and a ∼5000 year-long greenhouse. The period of extinctions seems to extend into the earliest Tertiary.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.140.01.12

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 108

  1. Adushkin V. V., Nemchinov I. I. , Gehrels T. Consequences of impacts of cosmic bodies on the surface of the Earth Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids 1994 Tucson, Arizona University of Arizona Press 721 778
  2. 10.1029/JB088iS02p0A799 · DOI
  3. 10.1126/science.208.4448.1095 · DOI
  4. 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X · DOI
  5. 10.1038/370120a0 · DOI
  6. 10.1006/icar.1996.0043 · DOI
  7. 10.2475/ajs.294.1.56 · DOI
  8. 10.1190/1.1442197 · DOI
  9. 10.1126/science.236.4802.705 · DOI
  10. Borg I. Y. Some shock effects in granodiorite to 270 kilobars at the Pile Driver site Flow and Fracture in Rocks 1972 16 293 311 American Geophysical Union Monograph
  11. 10.1126/science.241.4865.567 · DOI
  12. 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90406-9 · DOI
  13. Camargo Zanoguera A., Suárez Reynoso G. Evidencia sismica del crater de impacto de Chicxulub Boletín de la Asociación Mexicana de Géofisicos de Exploracion 1994 34 1 28
  14. 10.1190/1.1437578 · DOI
  15. 10.1029/95GL01189 · DOI
  16. 10.1006/icar.1997.5756 · DOI
  17. Christeson G. L., Nakamura Y., Buffler R. T. Chicxulub Working Group Structure of the Chicxulub crater from wide-angle OBS data: Evidence for a multi-ring impact basin Eos, Transactions 1997 78 F399 American Geophysical Union
  18. Colgate S. A., Petschek A. G. Cometary impacts and global distributions of resulting debris by floating 1984 Los Alamos, NM Los Alamos National Laboratory 17 LA-UR-84-3911
  19. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb04066.x · DOI
  20. Covey C., Ghan S. J., Walton J. J., Weissman P. R. , Sharpton V. L., Ward P. D. Global environmental effects of impact-generated aerosols; Results from a general circulation model Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 391 400 Geological Society of America Special Paper
  21. Croft S. K. Cratering flow fields: Implications for the excavation and transient expansion stages of crater formation Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1980 14 Proceedings of the Eleventh Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Supp. 2347 2378
  22. 10.1029/JB090iS02p0C828 · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0983:SWAAEA>2.3.CO;2 · DOI
  24. 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0611:OMRTTC>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Delsemme A. H. The chemistry of comets Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1988 A325 509 523 · DOI
  26. Dence M. R., Grieve R. A. F., Robertson B. , Roddy D. J., Pepin R. O., Merrill R. B. Terrestrial impact structures: Principal characteristics and energy considerations Impact and Explosion Cratering 1977 New York Pergamon 247 275
  27. 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0779:MLSAIC>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90161-8 · DOI
  29. Farley K. A., Montanari A., Shoemaker E. M., Robinson K. Extraterrestrial 3He in seafloor sediments: A comparison of the Eocene/Oligocene and Cretaceous/Tertiary boundaries Eos, Transactions 1997 78 F371 American Geophysical Union
  30. 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0967:SEASAT>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Gault D. E., Wedekind J. A. Experimental studies of oblique impact 1978 3 Proceedings of the Ninth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 3843 3875
  32. Gilmour I., Wolbach W. S., Anders E. , Sharpton L., Ward D. Early environmental effects of the terminal Cretaceous impact Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 391 400 Geological Society of America Special Paper
  33. Grieve R. A. F. , Silver L. T., Schultz P. H. The record of impact on Earth: Implications for a major Cretaceous/Tertiary impact event Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth 1982 190 25 37 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  34. Grieve R. A. F., Robertson P. B., Dence M. R. Constraints on the formation of ring impact structures, based on terrestrial data, Multi-ring Basins 1981 12A Proceedings of Lunar and Planetetary Science 37 57
  35. 10.1016/0195-6671(87)90023-1 · DOI
  36. Hildebrand A. R. The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact (or the dinosaurs didn’t have a chance) Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 1993 87 77 118
  37. Hildebrand A. R. Contrasting Chicxulub Crater structural models: What can seismic velocity studies differentiate? Journal of Conference Proceedings 1997 1 37 46
  38. Hildebrand A. R., Boynton W. V. Hg anomalies at the K/T boundary: Evidence for acid rain? Meteoritics 1989 24 277 278
  39. 10.1126/science.248.4957.843 · DOI
  40. 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0867:CCAPCT>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Hildebrand A. R., Connors M., Pilkington M., Ortiz Aleman C., Chavez R. E. Size and structure of the Chicxulub crater Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontologia 1994 7 1 59 68
  42. 10.1038/376415a0 · DOI
  43. Hildebrand A. R., Pilkington M., Halpenny J. F., Cooper R. V., Connors M., Ortiz-Aleman C., Chavez R. E., Urrutia-Fucugauchi J., Graniel-Castro E., Camara-Zi A., Buffler R. T. The Chicxulub crater as revealed by gravity and seismic surveys Eos, Transactions 1997 78 F398 American Geophysical Union
  44. 10.1126/science.216.4543.249 · DOI
  45. Isaac J. H., Stewart R. R. 3-D seismic expression of a cryptoexplosion structure Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics 1993 29 429 439
  46. Ivanov B. A., Badukov D. D., Yakovlev O. I., Gerasimov M. V., Dikov Yu. P., Pope K. O., Ocampo A. C. , Ryder G., Fastovsky D., Gartner S. Degassing of sedimentary rocks due to Chicuxlub impact: Hydrocode and physical simulations The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and other Catastrophes in Earth History 1996 307 125 139 Geological Society of America Special Paper
  47. 10.1130/SPE249-p1 · DOI
  48. 10.1126/science.231.4734.129 · DOI
  49. 10.1038/332691a0 · DOI
  50. 10.2307/1485619 · DOI
  51. 10.1029/PA004i003p00287 · DOI
  52. Kinsland G., Hurtado M., Ceron A., Smythe W., Ocampo A., Pope K. New gravity data over the southwestern portion of the Chicxulub impact feature, Yucatán Peninsula, México Lunar and Planetary Science 1995 XXIII Houston The Lunar and Planetary Science Institute 755 756
  53. 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00050-7 · DOI
  54. 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90067-6 · DOI
  55. Kyte F. T., Bostwick J. A., Zhou L. , Ryder G., Fastovsky D., Gartner S. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary on the Pacific plate: Composition and distribution of impact debris The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and other Catastrophes in Earth History 1996 307 389 401 Geological Society of America Special Paper
  56. 10.1139/e86-014 · DOI
  57. Lewis J. S., Watkins G. H., Hartman H., Prinn R. G. , Silver L. T., Schultz H. Chemical consequences of major impact events on earth Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth 1982 190 215 221 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  58. Lopez Ramos E. , Nairn A. E. M., Stehli F. G. Geological summary of the Yucatán Peninsula The Ocean Basins and Margins, Vol. 3 — The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean 1975 New York Plenum 257 282
  59. de Maupertuis L. M. Essay de Cosmologie, in Les Oeuvres de Mr. De Maupertuis, 1752 1750 Dresden Libraire du Roy 1 54
  60. 10.1016/0012-821X(73)90162-3 · DOI
  61. McKay C., Thomas G. E. , Silver L. T., Schultz H. Formation of noctilucent clouds by an extraterrestrial impact Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth 1982 190 211 214 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  62. Melosh H. J. Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process 1989 Oxford University Press
  63. 10.1038/343251a0 · DOI
  64. 10.1038/37291 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Ness G. E., Dauphin J. P., Garcia-Abdeslem J., Alvarado-Omana M. E. Bathymetry and Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies of the Yucatán Peninsula and Adjacent Areas 1991 Geological Society of America Map and Chart Series MCH073
  66. Offield T. W., Pohn H. A. , Roddy D. J., Pepin R. O., Merrill R. B. Deformation at the Decaturville impact structure, Missouri Impact and Explosion Cratering 1977 New York Pergamon 321 341
  67. O’Keefe J. D., Ahrens T. J. , Silver L. T., Schultz P. H. The interaction of the Cretaceous/Tertairy Extinction Bolide with the atmosphere, ocean and solid Earth Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth 1982 190 103 120 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  68. 10.1038/338247a0 · DOI
  69. Opik E. J. On the catastrophic effects of collisions with celestial bodies Irish Astronomical Journal 1958 5 34 35
  70. Orth C. J., Gilmore J. S., Knight J. D. Iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the Raton Basin New Mexico Geological Society 38th Annual Field Conference Guidebook 1987 265 270
  71. Orth C. J., Attrep M., Quintana L. R. , Sharpton V. L., Ward P. D. Iridium abundance patterns across bio-event horizons in the fossil record Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 45 59 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  72. 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0017:ROCSNY>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  73. 10.1029/92RG00192 · DOI · Paper page
  74. 10.1029/94JE01089 · DOI · Paper page
  75. 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1985.tb00846.x · DOI
  76. 10.1007/BF00575099 · DOI · Paper page
  77. 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90186-4 · DOI
  78. 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0527:SEOTCC>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  79. 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90046-X · DOI
  80. 10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.001115 · DOI
  81. 10.1016/0734-743X(87)90069-8 · DOI · Paper page
  82. 10.1126/science.261.5128.1564 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Sharpton V. L., Marin L. E., Carney J. L., Lee S., Ryder G., Schuraytz B. C., Sikora P., Spudis P. D. , Ryder G., Fastovsky D., Gartner S. A model of the Chicxulub impact basin based on evaluation of geophysical data, well logs, and drill core samples The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and other Catastrophes in Earth History 1996 307 55 74 Geological Society of America Special Paper
  84. 10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<868:DFAABT>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  85. Shoemaker E. M., Pillmore C. L., Peacock E. W. , Fassett J. E., Rigby J. K. Remanent magnetization of rocks of latest Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary age from drill core at York Canyon, New Mexico The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the San Juan and Raton Basins, New Mexico and Colorado 1987 209 131 150 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  86. Shoemaker E. M., Wolfe R. F., Shoemaker C. S. , Sharpton V. L., Ward P. D. Asteroid and comet flux in the neighbourhood of Earth Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 155 170 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  87. 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90113-A · DOI
  88. Smit J. Meteorite impact, extinctions and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Geologie en Mijnbouw 1990 69 187 204
  89. Smit J. , Gehrels T. Extinctions at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: The link to the Chicxulub impact Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids 1994 Tucson, Arizona University of Arizona Press 859 878
  90. 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90019-6 · DOI
  91. Smit J., Alvarez W., Montanari A., Swinbourne N. H. M., Van Kempen T. M., Klaver G. T., Lustenhouwer W. J. ‘Tektites’ and microcrystites at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary: Two strewn fields, one crater? 1992 22 Proceedings of Lunar and Planetary Science 87 100
  92. Smit J., Roep Th. B., Alvarez W., Montanari A., Claeys P., Grajales-Nishimura J. M., Bermudez J. , Ryder G., Fastovsky D., Gartner S. Coarse-grained, clastic sandstone complex at the K/T boundary around the Gulf of Mexico: Deposition by tsunami waves induced by the Chicxulub impact? The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and other Catastrophes in Earth History 1996 307 151 182 Geological Society of America Special Paper
  93. Sweet A. R. , Traverse A. Relationships between depositional environments and changes in palynofloras across the K/T boundary interval Sedimentation of Organic Particles 1994 Cambridge University Press 461 488 · DOI
  94. 10.1016/0195-6671(92)90027-N · DOI
  95. 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01242.x · DOI · Paper page
  96. Toon O. B., Pollack J. B., Ackerman T. P., Turco R. P., McKay C. P., Liu M. S. , Silver L. T., Schultz P. H. Evolution of an impact-generated dust cloud and its effects on the atmosphere Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth 1982 190 187 200 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  97. 10.1029/96RG03038 · DOI
  98. Turcotte D. L., Schubert G. Geodynamics: Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems 1982 New York Wiley
  99. 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1996.35.2.854 · DOI
  100. 10.1038/338057a0 · DOI
  101. Villagomez A. Un programa de exploracion para la Peninsula de Yucatan Boletin de la Asociacion Mexicana de Geologos Petroleros 1953 5 77 84
  102. 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0873:YNSSIA>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  103. Weissman P. R. , Sharpton V. L., Ward P. D. The cometary impactor flux at the Earth Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 171 179 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  104. 10.1126/science.230.4722.167 · DOI
  105. 10.1038/334665a0 · DOI
  106. Wolbach W. S., Gilmour I., Anders E. , Sharpton V. L., Ward P. D. Major wildfires at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 391 400 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI
  107. 10.1029/PA001i001p00005 · DOI
  108. Zahnle K. J. , Sharpton V. L., Ward P. D. Atmospheric chemistry by large impacts Global Catastrophes in Earth History; An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality 1990 247 271 288 Geological Society of America Special Paper · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 64

Metadata

Authors
Hildebrand, A. R., Pilkington, M., Ortiz-Aleman, C., Chavez, R. E., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Connors, M., Graniel-Castro, E., Camara-Zi, A., Halpenny, J. F., & Niehaus, D.
Affiliations
  • Geological Survey of Canada 615 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E9
  • Instituto de Geofisica, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Codigo 04510, México, D. F., México
  • Athabasca University 1, University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada T9S 3A3
  • Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Apdo. Postal No. 150, Cordemex 97111, Mérida, Yucatán, México
  • Geomatics Canada 615 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E9
  • PCI Enterprises 50 West Wilmot Street, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, L4B 1M5
Venue
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Publisher
Geological Society of London
Published
1998-01
Volume
140
Issue
1
Pages
155-176
ISSN
  • 0305-8719
  • 2041-4927
DOI
10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.140.01.12
Cited by
64
References
0
Language
en
Licence
doi.org/10.15223/policy-002 (stm-asf)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review