Analysis of the 802.11i 4-way handshake
Abstract
802.11i is an IEEE standard designed to provide enhanced MAC security in wireless networks. The authentication process involves three entities: the supplicant (wireless device), the authenticator (access point), and the authentication server (e.g., a backend RADIUS server). A 4-Way Handshake must be executed between the supplicant and the authenticator to derive a fresh pairwise key and/or group key for subsequent data transmissions.We analyze the 4-Way Handshake protocol using a finite-state verification tool and find a Denial-of-Service attack. The attack involves forging initial messages from the authenticator to the supplicant to produce inconsistent keys in peers. Three repairs are proposed; based on various considerations, the third one appears to be the best. The resulting improvement to the standard, adopted by the 802.11 TGi in their final deliberation, involves only a minor change in the algorithm used by the supplicant.
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- Authors
- He, C., & Mitchell, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Wireless security
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2004-10
- Pages
- 43-50
- OpenAlex
- W2145994227
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Workshop on Wireless Security (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Authentication Protocols Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Wireless Networks and Protocols
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
- Keywords
- IEEE 802.11i, 4-way handshake, WPA, wireless network authentication, denial-of-service attacks, finite-state verification, pairwise keys, group key, supplicants, radius
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