The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An empirical evaluation of deep architectures on problems with many factors of variation
Abstract
Recently, several learning algorithms relying on models with deep architectures have been proposed. Though they have demonstrated impressive performance, to date, they have only been evaluated on relatively simple problems such as digit recognition in a controlled environment, for which many machine learning algorithms already report reasonable results. Here, we present a series of experiments which indicate that these models show promise in solving harder learning problems that exhibit many factors of variation. These models are compared with well-established algorithms such as Support Vector Machines and single hidden-layer feed-forward neural networks.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
Chang, C.-C., & Lin, C.-J. (2011) · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · doi:10.1145/1961189.1961199 · Cited by 40,918
Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks
Hinton, G. E., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127647 · Cited by 20,928
A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Hinton, G. E., Osindero, S., & Teh, Y.-W. (2006) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2006.18.7.1527 · Cited by 16,336
Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition
LeCun, Y., Boser, B., Denker, J. S., Henderson, D., Howard, R. E., Hubbard, W., & Jackel, L. D. (1989) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541 · Cited by 11,891
Libsvm : A library for support vector machines
Ferrari, V. (2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,122
Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence
Hinton, G. E. (2002) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976602760128018 · Cited by 4,879 · cited 2×
“Although P (x) is not tractable in an RBM, the Contrastive Divergence gradient (Hinton, 2002) is a good (a) RBM for x (b) RBM for h(1) (c) RBM for h(2) and y”
BackgroundGreedy layer-wise training of deep networks
Bengio, Y., Lamblin, P., Popovici, D., & Larochelle, H. (2007) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19 · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7503.003.0024 · Cited by 4,841
Self-citationLearning methods for generic object recognition with invariance to pose and lighting
LeCun, Y., Huang, F. J., & Bottou, L. (2004) · Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004. · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2004.1315150 · Cited by 1,324
(2007) · Cited by 937
Training Invariant Support Vector Machines
Decoste, D., & Schölkopf, B. (2002) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1012454411458 · Cited by 588
Cited by
(2010) · Cited by 14,134
(2010) · International Conference on Machine Learning · Cited by 13,995
Hinton, G., Deng, L., Yu, D., Dahl, G., Mohamed, A.-R., Jaitly, N., Senior, A., Vanhoucke, V., Nguyen, P., Sainath, T., et al. (2012) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2012.2205597 · Cited by 10,260
(2012) · Cited by 8,009
Extracting and composing robust features with denoising autoencoders
Vincent, P., Larochelle, H., Bengio, Y., & Manzagol, P.-A. (2008) · Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning - ICML '08 · doi:10.1145/1390156.1390294 · Cited by 7,436
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Larochelle, H., Erhan, D., Courville, A., Bergstra, J., & Bengio, Y.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2007-06-20
- Pages
- 473-480
- OpenAlex
- W1994197834
- Cited by
- 992
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 11.71
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An empirical evaluation of deep architectures on problems with many factors of variation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/1273496.1273556
- The paper
- Larochelle, H., Erhan, D., Courville, A., Bergstra, J., & Bengio, Y. (2007). An empirical evaluation of deep architectures on problems with many factors of variation. Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning. https://doi.org/10.1145/1273496.1273556
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
