Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 620

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The foreign policy decision-maker simulation

Open access
Nozicka, George J., Bonham, G. Matthew, Shapiro, Michael J.·1974·Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference on XX - ACM '74
DOI 10.1145/1408800.1408831
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The major theoretical presupposition of our model of foreign-policy decision-making is that the beliefs of the decision-makers are central to the study of decision outputs and probably account for much of the variance in international politics. Beliefs represent both the congealed experiences of the decision-maker and his expectations about the decision environment. In the former sense, they are his decisions about the significance of past "events". In the decision-making process the belief system as a whole acts like a template for receiving and channeling information, and for relating possible policy options to perceptions about the intentions and behavior of other nations, as well as to the policy objectives of the decision-maker.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1145/1408800.1408831

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 620

Metadata

Authors
Nozicka, G. J., Bonham, G. M., & Shapiro, M. J.
Venue
Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference on XX - ACM '74
Publisher
ACM Press
Published
1974
Volume
2
Pages
481
DOI
10.1145/1408800.1408831
OpenAlex
W2091910054
Cited by
620
References
0
Type
conference abstract
Language
en
Open access
gold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The foreign policy decision-maker simulation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/1408800.1408831
The paper
Nozicka, G. J., Bonham, G. M., & Shapiro, M. J. (1974). The foreign policy decision-maker simulation. Proceedings of the 1974 annual conference on XX - ACM '74. https://doi.org/10.1145/1408800.1408831

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.