The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
IP = PSPACE
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, it is proven that when both randomization and interaction are allowed, the proofs that can be verified in polynomial time are exactly those proofs that can be generated with polynomial space.
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Citations
Cites
The complexity of computing the permanent
Valiant, L. G. (1979) · Theoretical Computer Science · doi:10.1016/0304-3975(79)90044-6 · Cited by 2,705
Cited by
Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring
Shor, P. W. (2002) · Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science · doi:10.1109/sfcs.1994.365700 · Cited by 8,713
Some optimal inapproximability results
Håstad, J. (2001) · Journal of the ACM · doi:10.1145/502090.502098 · Cited by 1,902
Bernstein, E., & Vazirani, U. (1993) · Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '93 · doi:10.1145/167088.167097 · Cited by 1,284
Bitansky, N., Canetti, R., Chiesa, A., & Tromer, E. (2012) · Proceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference · doi:10.1145/2090236.2090263 · Cited by 493
Micali, S. (2000) · SIAM Journal on Computing · doi:10.1137/s0097539795284959 · Cited by 424
Metadata
- Authors
- Shamir, A.
- Venue
- Journal of the ACM
- Published
- 1992-10
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 869-877
- ISSN
- 0004-5411 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-735X
- OpenAlex
- W2293988196
- Cited by
- 662
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 30.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: IP = PSPACE. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/146585.146609
- The paper
- Shamir, A. (1992). IP = PSPACE. Journal of the ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/146585.146609
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
