FACIT PD: a framework for analysis and creation of intergenerational techniques for participatory design
Abstract
In this paper, we present a framework that describes commonly used design techniques for Participatory Design with children. Although there are many currently used techniques for designing with children, researchers working in differing contexts and in a changing technological landscape find themselves facing difficult design situations. The FACIT PD framework presented in this paper can aid in choosing existing design techniques or in developing new techniques regardless of the stage in the design cycle, the technology being developed, or philosophical approach to design method. The framework consists of eight dimensions, concerning the design partners, the design goal, and the design technique. The partner dimensions are partner experience and need for accommodation. The design goal dimensions are design space and maturity of design. The technique dimensions include: cost, portability, technology and physical interaction. Three cases will be presented which describe new techniques developed using the framework and two cases will describe existing techniques.
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Political PD will draw from the same toolbox of methods and techniques [40], and the process will seek empowerment by giving children a voice in the design process.
“Political PD will draw from the same toolbox of methods and techniques [40], and the process will seek empowerment by giving children a voice in the design process.”
From Child as Protagonist (2017) · cites this paper as [40]
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The role of children in the design of new technology
(2002) · Behaviour & Information Technology · doi:10.1080/01449290110108659 · Cited by 1,071 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It was not until the late 1990s that PD was adapted and more widely used with children [1,7].”
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Iversen, O. S., Smith, R. C., & Dindler, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Interaction Design and Children · doi:10.1145/3078072.3079725 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
“In recent years, PD methods and techniques within IDC research have expanded and become increasingly sophisticated, as with the development of a framework describing common PD methods and their use [40] bringing PD to special needs (e.”
BackgroundMethodDeSmet, A., Thompson, D., Baranowski, T., Palmeira, A., Verloigne, M., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4444 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Co-design with older adults: examining and reflecting on collaboration with aging communities
Sakaguchi-Tang, D. K., Cunningham, J. L., Roldan, W., Yip, J., & Kientz, J. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3479506 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The TA Framework: Designing Real-time Teaching Augmentation for K-12 Classrooms
An, P., Holstein, K., d'Anjou, B., Eggen, B., & Bakker, S. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376277 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Children's Mental Models of AI Reasoning: Implications for AI Literacy Education
Dangol, A., Wolfe, R., Zhao, R., Kim, J., Ramanan, T., Davis, K., & Kientz, J. A. (2025) · Proceedings of the 24th Interaction Design and Children · doi:10.1145/3713043.3728856 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walsh, G., Foss, E., Yip, J., & Druin, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Baltimore (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2013-04-27
- Pages
- 2893-2902
- OpenAlex
- W2034891473
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 8.42
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Design Education and Practice
- Keywords
- design methods, design goals, design space, design maturity, physical interaction
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