Design and evaluation of a foveated video streaming service for commodity client devices
Open accessAbstract
Humans see only a tiny region at the center of their visual field with the highest visual acuity, a behavior known as foveation. Visual acuity reduces drastically towards the visual periphery. 'Foveated' video coding/compression techniques exploit this non-uniformity to gain significant efficiency by compressing more in the periphery and less in the center. We propose a practical and scalable method to use such a technique for video streaming service over the Internet. The essential idea is to use a commodity webcam on the user side to provide real-time gaze feedback to the server with the server sending appropriately coded video to the client player. We develop a multi-resolution video coding approach that is scalable in that it is possible to pre-code the video in a small number of copies for a given set of resolutions. The coding approach is designed to match the error performance of an eye tracker built using commodity webcams. We demonstrate that the technique is energy efficient and thus usable in mobile devices. We develop a methodology for performance evaluation of such a system when network budgets may vary and video quality may fluctuate. Finally, we present a comprehensive user study that demonstrates a bandwidth reduction of a factor of 2 for the same user satisfaction.
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Viewport-dependent solutions have been proposed for 360 video streaming, because they can reduce the bandwidth required to stream the video.
“In these approaches, viewport-dependent solutions [287], [288] have been proposed for 360 video streaming, because they can reduce the bandwidth required to stream the video.”
From QoE Management of Multimedia Streaming Services in Future Networks: A Tutorial and Survey (2020) · cites this paper as [287]
Viewpointdependent streaming can be obtained using online transcoding operations, such as using foveate-based encoding, or by spatially tiling the video.
“It is worth mentioning that viewpointdependent streaming can be obtained using online transcoding operations, such as using foveate-based encoding [287], or by spatially tiling the video [288].”
From QoE Management of Multimedia Streaming Services in Future Networks: A Tutorial and Survey (2020) · cites this paper as [287]
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References 35 · Cited by 41
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- S. Deja. Real-time system for eye detection and tracking of computer user using webcam. Master's thesis, A G H University of Science and Technology, 2010.
- E. Miluzzo, T. Wang, and A. T. Campbell. Eyephone: Activating mobile phones with your eyes. In Proceedings of the Second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on MobiHeld.
- E. Wood and A. Bulling. Eyetab: Model-based gaze estimation on unmodified tablet computers. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA '14, pages 207-210, New York, NY, USA, 2014. ACM.
- Authors
- Ryoo, J., Yun, K., Samaras, D., Das, S. R., & Zelinsky, G.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2016-05-10
- Pages
- 1-11
- OpenAlex
- W2396399340
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- DIGITEO Institute france (SUBSAMPLE project)
- National Science Foundation (IIS-1161876)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Video Coding and Compression Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image and Video Quality Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Keywords
- webcam-based eye tracking, bandwidth reduction, energy efficiency, mobile devices, video quality, user satisfaction
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