QoE Management of Multimedia Streaming Services in Future Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The DASC overcomes the network bottlenecks by converging progressively to the best available video quality.

“Authors report that the DASC overcomes the network bottlenecks by converging progressively to the best available video quality.”

• cites [318] [318] Y. Liu, J. Geurts, J. Point, S. Lederer, B. Rainer, C. Müller, C. Timmerer, and H. Hellwagner, 'Dynamic adaptive streaming over CCN: A caching and overhead analysis,' in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , pp. 3629-3633, June 2013. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The upper bound for the average bitrate the clients can obtain is found, assuming that the network and streaming characteristics are known a priori.

“The upper bound for the average bitrate the clients can obtain is found, assuming that the network and streaming characteristics are known a priori.”

• cites [282] [282] B. Rainer, D. Posch, and H. Hellwagner, 'Investigating the Performance of Pull-Based Dynamic Adaptive Streaming in NDN,' IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , vol. 34, pp. 2130-2140, Aug 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Using DASCache, the best experience for users is achieved in varying network conditions by switching to videos with better resolution.

“Authors show that using DASCache, the best experience for users is achieved in varying network conditions by switching to videos with better resolution.”

• cites [279] [279] W. Li, S. M. A. Oteafy, and H. S. Hassanein, 'Dynamic adaptive streaming over popularity-driven caching in information-centric networks,' in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , pp. 5747-5752, June 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Making use of mulsemedia increases the overall user enjoyment levels by up to 77%.

“The impact of intensity of certain mulsemedia components, including haptic and air-flow on user-perceived experience are extensively studied in [295], where making use of mulsemedia increases the overall user enjoyment levels by up to 77%.”

• cites [295] [295] Z. Yuan, S. Chen, G. Ghinea, and G.-M. Muntean, 'User Quality of Experience of Mulsemedia Applications,' ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl. , vol. 11, pp. 15:1-15:19, Oct. 2014. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The results from this study indicate that the frame rate have a smaller effect in VR applications with regards to improving the end-user's QoE.

“The results from this study indicate that the frame rate have a smaller effect in VR applications with regards to improving the end-user's QoE.”

• cites [321] [321] M. Gandy, R. Catrambone, B. MacIntyre, C. Alvarez, E. Eiriksdottir, M. H. B. Davidson, and A. C. McLaughlin, ' Experiences with an AR evaluation test bed: Presence, performance, and physiological measurement,' in In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality , pp. 127-136, November 2010. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

SDN can be used to provide a centralized control element for practical and scalable implementation of SAND.

“For the practical and scalable implementation of the SAND approach, SDN can be used to provide a centralized control element.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A QoE-driven service adaptation and network optimization mechanism using resource allocation was proposed in [62] based on the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem architecture.

“A QoE-driven service adaptation and network optimization mechanism using resource allocation was proposed in [62] based on the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem architecture”

• cites [62] [62] L.Skorin-Kapov and M. Matijasevic, 'Modeling of a QoS matching and optimization function for multimedia services in the NGN,' in Proceedings of the 12th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Management of Multimedia and Mobile Networks and Services: WiredWireless Multimedia Networks and Services Management (MMNS'09) , (Italy), pp. 55-64, Oct 2009. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

3GPP in close collaboration with MPEG has developed the DASH standard.

“However, due to the disparity of these proprietary HAS solutions and the media formats, the 3GPP in close collaboration with MPEG has developed the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard [100].”

• cites [100] [100] ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014, 'Preview Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats.' https://www.iso.org/standard/65274. html, 2017. [Online: Accessed 06-September-2019]. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Currently, there are ongoing QoS based collaborations between OTTP and ISPs concerning peering agreements and OTTP's surrogate server hosting in ISP's network depending on agreement.

“Currently, there are ongoing QoS based collaborations between the OTTP and ISPs concerning peering agreements and OTTP's surrogate server (SS) hosting in ISP's network depending on the agreement [112].”

• cites [112] [112] A. Ahmad, A. Floris, and L. Atzori, 'OTT-ISP Joint service management: a customer lifetime value based approach,' in IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM), 2017 , pp. 1017-1022, 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Multimedia content delivery operations on OTTP side can be broadly divided into client request redirection and content distribution and replication.

“The multimedia content delivery operations on the OTTP side can be broadly divided into two categories: 1) Client request redirection and; 2) Content distribution and replication [115].”

• cites [115] [115] A. Passarella, 'A survey on content-centric technologies for the current Internet: CDN and P2P solutions,' Computer Communications , vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-32, 2012. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Full Reference (FR) metrics are usually more accurate than Reduced Reference (RR) and No-reference (NR) metrics.

“Due to full access to source information, FR metrics are usually more accurate than RR and NR metrics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Recent efforts exploring QoE management using SDN and/or NFV are limited in scope because they do not provide different architectural approaches, implementations and deployment strategies for QoE management using SDN and/or NFV.

“3) with regard to scope, they do not provide different architectural approaches, implementations and deployment strategies for QoE management using SDN and/or NFV;”

May combine two claims.

In this case, OTTP cannot deliver adequate quality to end users while ISP has to transport data through non-optimal path since no information is shared between OTTP and ISPs.

“In this case, the OTTP cannot deliver adequate quality to the end users while the ISP has to transport data through a non-optimal path since no information is being shared between the OTTP and ISPs.”

May combine two claims.

In the presence of multiple DASH clients competing for shared network resources, HAS suffers from video instability due to bitrate switching, network resource underutilization, and QoE unfairness.

“Despite the decentralized nature of the HAS principle, there are still some drawbacks especially in the presence of multiple DASH clients that compete for the shared network resources. Some of the HAS related issues include (1) video instability due to bitrate switching [105], (2) network resource underutilization, and (3) QoE unfairness [106].”

• cites [105] [105] D. Z. Rodríguez, Z. Wang, R. L. Rosa, and G. Bressan, 'The impact of video-quality-level switching on user quality of experience in dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP,' EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking , vol. 2014, no. 1, 2014. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [106] [106] A. Bentaleb, A. C. Begen, R. Zimmermann, and S. Harous, 'SDNHAS: An SDN-Enabled Architecture to Optimize QoE in HTTP Adaptive Streaming,' IEEE Transactions on Multimedia , vol. 19, pp. 2136-2151, Oct 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

SAND is an extension of the MPEG-DASH standard that has been recently finalized.

“Server and Network assisted DASH (SAND) is an extension of the MPEG-DASH standard that has been recently finalized, [109], [110] to enhance the delivery of DASH content.”

• cites [109] [109] 'ISO/IEC 23009-5: Information Technology -Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 5: Server and Network Assisted DASH (SAND). Standard,' Feb 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [110] [110] E. Thomas, M. O. van Deventer, T. Stockhammer, A. C. Begen, and J. Famaey, 'Enhancing MPEG DASH Performance via Server and Network Assistance,' SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal , vol. 126, pp. 22-27, Jan 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In the collaboration scheme mentioned above, ISPs only have multi-hop peering connections with the Autonomous System.

“However, in the collaboration scheme mentioned above, the ISPs only have multi-hop peering connections with the Autonomous System (AS) 4 .”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Request redirection mechanism can be based either on DNS unicast or on combination of DNS and anycast for assignment of most nearby server to clients.

“The request redirection mechanism can be based either on Domain Name System (DNS) unicast or on a combination of DNS and anycast for assignment of the most nearby server to the clients [116].”

• cites [116] [116] M. Wichtlhuber, R. Reinecke, and D. Hausheer, 'An SDN-based CDN/ISP collaboration architecture for managing high-volume flows,' IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management , vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 48-60, 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The main challenges with regards to QoE optimization and control may be summarized in the answers to four questions: what key quality parameters to optimize and control; where to control; when to perform QoE optimization and control; and how often to control and optimize QoE.

“As stated in [8], the main challenges that arise with regards to QoE optimization and control may be summarized in the answers to the following four questions: (1) What key quality parameters to optimize and control? (2) Where to control (e.g., at the client, server and the network side)? (3) When to perform QoE optimization and control (e.g., during the service, that is, on-line control or in an”

• cites [8] [8] S. Barakovi´ c and L. Skorin-Kapov, 'Survey and Challenges of QoE Management Issues in Wireless Networks,' Journal of Computer Networks and Communications , vol. 2013, pp. 1-28, Dec 2013. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [19] [19] Y. Wang, P. Li, L. Jiao, Z. Su, N. Cheng, X. S. Shen, and P. Zhang, 'A Data-Driven Architecture for Personalized QoE Management in 5G Wireless Networks,' IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine , vol. 24, pp. 102-110, Nov 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

DNS based request redirection relies only on link layer information for CDN/SS assignment to clients, which does not allow it to react to congestion in ISP's network.

“However, the DNS based request redirection relies only on the link layer-information for CDN/SS assignment to the clients, which does not allow it to react to the congestion in the ISP's network.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

QoE management of multimedia services involves continuous optimization and dynamic control of relevant mechanisms from content generation to content consumption along the service delivery chain.

“The QoE management of multimedia services, as shown in Fig. 4, involves continuous optimization and dynamic control of relevant mechanisms, from content generation to content consumption, along the service delivery chain.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: QoS metrics are not explicitly and directly linked with a customer's satisfaction of a service.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Google is providing peering connections for ISPs through IXPs, and Surrogate Servers are being provided under the Google Global Cache program.

“For example, Google is providing peering connections for ISPs through IXPs, and also Surrogate Servers (SSs) are being provided under the Google Global Cache (GCC) program 2 .”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Recent efforts exploring QoE management using SDN and/or NFV are limited by a lack of comprehensive descriptions of ongoing research projects, state-of-the-art efforts, challenges and concrete research directions in SDN and/or NFV and emerging multimedia services and applications in future networks.

“2) lack of comprehensive descriptions of ongoing research projects, state-of-the-art efforts, challenges as well as concrete research directions in SDN and/or NFV, and emerging multimedia services and applications in future networks;”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

MPEG-SAND messages are delivered over HTTP using XML format and follow a specific syntax as defined by the standard.

“It is important to note that the MPEG-SAND messages are delivered over HTTP using the XML format and follow a specific syntax as defined by the standard in [109].”

• cites [109] [109] 'ISO/IEC 23009-5: Information Technology -Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 5: Server and Network Assisted DASH (SAND). Standard,' Feb 2017. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

SDN and NFV may enable network management to be automated and ensure that end users' QoS/QoE requirements and Experience Level Agreement (ELA) are fulfilled in heterogeneous environments.

“Indeed, SDN and NFV may enable network management to be automated and ensure that the end users' QoS/QoE requirements as well as Experience Level Agreement (ELA) 1 are fulfilled in the heterogeneous environments [23].”

• cites [23] [23] F. Z. Yousaf, M. Bredel, S. Schaller, and F. Schneider, 'NFV and SDNKey Technology Enablers for 5G Networks,' IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications , vol. 35, pp. 2468 -2478, Nov 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Future networks are shifting towards the cloudification of network resources via Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV).

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

QoE management remains a challenging task due to many issues, which can be categorized into four aspects.

“Despite these efforts, QoE management remains a challenging task due to many issues [8], [10] which can be categorized into four different aspects, as illustrated in Fig. 1.”

• cites [8] [8] S. Barakovi´ c and L. Skorin-Kapov, 'Survey and Challenges of QoE Management Issues in Wireless Networks,' Journal of Computer Networks and Communications , vol. 2013, pp. 1-28, Dec 2013. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [10] [10] J. Liu, S. Zhang, N. Kato, H. Ujikawa, and K. Suzuki, 'Device-todevice communications for enhancing quality of experience in software defined multi-tier LTE-A networks,' IEEE Network , vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 46-52, 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Highly demanding Over-The-Top (OTT) multimedia applications pose increased challenges to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for assuring a reasonable Quality of Experience (QoE) to their customers due to lack of flexibility, agility and scalability in traditional networks.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Netflix is providing private peering connections and SSs to collaborating ISPs under the Netflix Open Connect program.

“Similarly, Netflix is providing private peering connections and SSs to the collaborating ISPs under the Netflix Open Connect program 3 .”

• cites [3] [3] D. Rivera, N. Kushik, C. Fuenzalida, A. Cavalli, and N. Yevtushenko, 'QoE Evaluation based on QoS and QoBiz Parameters applied to an OTT service,' in IEEE International Conference on Web Services , (New York, NY, USA), pp. 57-64, 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The multimedia service delivery chain involves OTTP, ISPs, CDNs, transit providers and IXPs, where each entity has a different role depending on mutual agreements.

“The multimedia service delivery chain involves several entities which include OTTP, ISPs, CDNs, transit providers and IXPs, where each entity has a different role depending on their mutual agreements [111].”

• cites [111] [111] C.-L. Yeh, 'Conceptualized framework for regulation of OTT video services: A new battlefield of interconnection and peering,' 20th ITS Biennial Conference, Rio de Janeiro 2014: The Net and the Internet Emerging Markets and Policies 106896, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), 2014. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

If content is not available in last mile SS, client is served by CDN/SS located far from client's location, leading to cache misses and higher end-to-end delay which can decrease delivered quality.

“However, if the content is not available in the last mile SS, the client is served by the CDN/SS located far from the client's location. This can lead to cache misses and higher end-to-end delay which can decrease the delivered quality.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Both SDN and NFV seek to create a future software-based networking solution that offers flexible and automated network connectivity and QoE provisioning to end-users.

“It is worth noting that both SDN and NFV seek to create a future software-based networking solution that offers flexible and automated network connectivity and QoE provisioning to the end-users.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Recent attention has been towards developing approaches that fully optimize video quality and maximize QoE while ensuring fairness among users.

“In recent years, the attention has been towards developing approaches that fully optimize the video quality [192], [107] and maximize the QoE while ensuring fairness among users [193]-[195].”

• cites [192] [192] M. Xiao, V. Swaminathan, S. Wei, and S. Chen, 'DASH2M: Exploring HTTP/2 for Internet Streaming to Mobile Devices,' in Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Multimedia , (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), pp. 22-31, Oct 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [107] [107] G. Cofano, L. D. Cicco, T. Zinner, A. Nguyen-Ngoc, P. Tran-Gia, and S. Mascolo., 'Design and Experimental Evaluation of Networkassisted Strategies for HTTP Adaptive Streaming,' ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications , vol. 35, pp. 1-24, Nov 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [193]-[195]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

SDN can be used to provide a centralized control element for practical and scalable implementation of network-assisted QoE optimization.

“For the practical and scalable implementation of this approach, SDN can be used to provide a centralized control element.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

These paths can be expressed by the segment routing strategy into SR paths, using the segment label list.

“These paths can be expressed by the segment routing strategy into SR paths, using the segment label list as shown in [157], [232].”

• cites [157] [157] A. A. Barakabitze, I. Mkwawa, L. Sun, and E. Ifeachor, 'QualitySDN: Improving Video Quality using MPTCP and Segment Routing in SDN/NFV,' in 2018 4th IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization and Workshops (NetSoft) , pp. 182-186, June 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [232] [232] A. A. Barakabitze, L. Sun, I.-H. Mkwawa, and E. Ifeachor, 'A Novel QoE-Centric SDN-based Multipath Routing Approach of Mutimedia Services over 5G Networks,' in IEEE International Conference on Communications, , (Kansas City, MO, USA), May 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Global SIDs are recognized by all network nodes, while local SIDs are only known to the node associated with the SID.

“Global SIDs are recognized by all network nodes, while local SIDs are only known to the node associated with the SID as demonstrated in [230], [231].”

• cites [230] [230] D. Luca, V. Luca, V. Pier Luigi, S. Giuseppe, and S. Stefano, 'Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation,' Fourth European Workshop on Software Defined Networks (EWSDN), , Sept 2015. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [231] [231] C. Filsfils, N. K. Nainar, C. Pignataro, J. C. Cardona, and P. Francois, 'The Segment Routing Architecture,' in IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) , (San Diego, CA, USA), Feb 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The IETF proposed the Segment Routing (SR) paradigm to provide TE solutions by simplifying the control plane where SDN/NFV switches no longer need to maintain routing information.

“To overcome these limitations, the IETF proposed the Segment Routing (SR) paradigm to provide TE solutions by simplifying the control plane where SDN/NFV switches no longer need to maintain routing information.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

TCAM extensively consumes power and is usually considered as an expensive resource to be developed.

“TCAM extensively consumes power and is usually considered as an expensive resource to be developed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

With SR, a host or an edge router can steer a packet through the network using an ordered list of processing/forwarding functions called segments.

“With SR, a host or an edge router can steer a packet through the network using an ordered list of processing/forwarding functions called segments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Some approaches discussed in V-A, such as [107], address QoE-fairness based on the SAND architecture.

“Note that, some of the approaches discussed in the previous section V-A, such as [107], address QoE-fairness based on the SAND architecture.”

• cites [107] [107] G. Cofano, L. D. Cicco, T. Zinner, A. Nguyen-Ngoc, P. Tran-Gia, and S. Mascolo., 'Design and Experimental Evaluation of Networkassisted Strategies for HTTP Adaptive Streaming,' ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications , vol. 35, pp. 1-24, Nov 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

OTTP services utilizing Akamai CDNs deliver content based on flat organization where cache misses is avoided by fetching content directly from original server.

“On the other hand, the OTTP services utilizing Akamai CDNs deliver the content based on the flat organization where cache misses is avoided by fetching the content directly from the original server [119].”

• cites [119] [119] E. Nygren, R. K. Sitaraman, and J. Sun, 'The Akamai Network: a Platform for High-Performance Internet Applications,' ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review , vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 2-19, 2010. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Most NFV use cases are based on those defined by ETSI.

“Most of these use cases are based on those defined by the ETSI [156].”

• cites [156] [156] 'ETSI GS NFV 001 V1.1.1: Network function virtualization. Use cases, ETSI Ind. Spec. Group (ISG) Netw. Functions Virtualisation (NFV).' http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi\_gs/nfv/001\_099/001/01. 01.01\_60/gs\_nfv001v010101p.pdf, Oct 2013. [Online: Accessed 06September-2019]. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

SDN requires a new network platform where the control and data forwarding planes are decoupled.

“SDN requires a new network platform where the control and data forwarding planes are decoupled.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The SDN controller can easily detect player-specific events, such as players joining/leaving the network and starting/stopping the playback.

“In this way, the controller can easily detect playerspecific events, such as players joining/leaving the network and starting/stopping the playback.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The clients and content server report the QoE values to the SDN applications, which in turn use the reported QoE values and IFs to prepare the needed input for the SDN controller.

“The clients and content server report the QoE values to the SDN applications, which in turn use the reported QoE values and IFs to prepare the needed input for the SDN controller.”

May combine two claims.

SDN-based MPTCP implementations can improve network throughput and meet the end-users' QoE.

“SDN-based MPTCP implementations can improve network throughput and meet the end-users' QoE.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

NFV decouples NFs from dedicated hardware devices.

“while SDN decouples the control plane from the data/packet forwarding plane, the NFV decouples NFs from dedicated hardware devices.”

May combine two claims.

SAND enables service providers and operators to improve network bandwidth utilization and enhance end-users' video streaming experience.

“It also enables service providers and operators to improve network bandwidth utilization and enhance the end-users' video streaming experience.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

NFV can run on legacy networks since NFs can reside on commodity servers.

“This is not the case with NFV which can run on legacy networks since NFs can reside on commodity servers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Many studies have focused on enhancing QoE by optimizing video quality adaptation algorithms on the client and/or server-side.

“Many studies have been focusing on enhancing the QoE by optimizing the video quality adaptation algorithms on the client and/or the server-side [6], [191].”

• cites [6] [6] M. Seufert, S. Egger, M. Slanina, T. Zinner, T. Hoßfeld, and P. TranGia, 'A Survey on Quality of Experience of HTTP Adaptive Streaming,' IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials , vol. 17, pp. 469-492, First quarter 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [191] [191] Y. Sani, A. Mauthe, and C. Edwards, 'Adaptive Bitrate Selection: A Survey,' IEEE Communication Surveys & Tutorials , vol. 19, pp. 29853014, July 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One solution to reduce cost could be the common usage of MPTCP and SR.

“Therefore, one solution to reduce the cost could be the common usage of MPTCP and SR.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Service providers have adopted SDN/NFV to implement traffic engineering to improve network efficiency, application performance, and end-user QoE.

“As multimedia services/applications continue to grow, SPs have adopted SDN/NFV to implement TE to improve the network efficiency, application performance, and the end-user QoE.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The list of Segment IDentifiers (SIDs) forms a chain of elements where packets are routed within an SDN/NFV system.

“The list of Segment IDentifiers (SIDs) forms a chain of these elements where packets are routed within an SDN/NFV system.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

MPTCP has emerged as the transport protocol capable of creating multiple subflows and distributing them over multiple disjoint paths in the network such that all the links are optimally loaded.

“MPTCP has emerged as the transport protocol capable of creating multiple subflows and distributing them over multiple disjoint paths in the network such that all the links are optimally loaded.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Google has implemented a hierarchical distribution of content for YouTube and other Google services.

“For example, Google has implemented a hierarchical distribution of content for YouTube and other Google services [117], [118].”

• cites [117] [117] Google, 'Google Edge Network.' https://peering.google.com/. (Online: Accessed 06-September-2019). -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [118] [118] V. K. Adhikari, S. Jain, Y. Chen, and Z. Zhang, 'Vivisecting YouTube: An active measurement study,' in 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM , pp. 2521-2525, March 2012. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Approaches discussed in subsection V-B are only based on the SDN controller to control and manage QoE requirements of competing clients.

“This is different from the approaches discussed in this subsection that are only based on the SDN controller to control and manage QoE requirements of the competing clients.”

May combine two claims.

Storing a large number of rules is the main limitation of SDN/NFV switches which can be alleviated by using SR where a logical path of MPTCP subflows can be expressed as a sequence of segments between the ingress and egress network nodes.

“Storing a large number of rules is the main limitation of SDN/NFV switches which can be alleviated by using SR where a logical path of MPTCP subflows can be expressed as a sequence of segments between the ingress and egress network nodes (e.g., a switch/router/link).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Studies in [240]-[243] propose that QoE monitoring should be performed by the OTTP because they have their applications installed in the user terminal.

“The studies conducted in [240]-[243] propose that the QoE monitoring should be performed by the OTTP because they have their applications installed in the user terminal.”

• cites [240]-[243]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

All existing NFV implementations and platforms focus on open source and orchestration of an operator's end-to-end service over NFVI supported by SDN and cloud technologies.

“It is worth noting that all of the existing NFV implementations and platforms are focusing on open source and orchestration of operator's end-to-end service over NFVI supported by SDN and cloud technologies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Network softwarization and virtualization using SDN and NFV is expected to impact several aspects in development and deployment of network services, such as CDN and video accelerators.

“Network softwarization [122] and virtualization using SDN and NFV is expected to impact several aspects in the development and deployment of network services, such as CDN and video accelerators [123], [124].”

• cites [122] [122] I. Afolabi, T. Taleb, K. Samdanis, A. Ksentini, and H. Flinck, 'Network slicing & softwarization: A survey on principles, enabling technologies & solutions,' IEEE Surveys and Tutorials , vol. 20, pp. 2429-2453, March 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [123] [123] P. A. Frangoudis, L. Yala, A. Ksentini, and T. Taleb, 'An architecture for on-demand service deployment over a Telco CDN,' in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , pp. 1-6, May 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [124] [124] S. Retal, M. Bagaa, T. Taleb, and H. Flinck, 'Content delivery network slicing: QoE and cost awareness,' in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , (Paris), pp. 1-6, May 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Common usage of MPTCP and SR would offer flexibility, reliability, scalability and improve the end-user QoE in SDN/NFV networks.

“Such a solution would also offer flexibility, reliability, scalability and improve the end-user QoE in SDN/NFV networks.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

To guarantee end-users' QoE-fairness level and performance requirements of SDN/NFV-based networks, the controller checks the available capacity of all connected paths and selects the shortest paths to transmit the subflows of the same MPTCP connection.

“To guarantee the end-users' QoE-fairness level and performance requirements of SDN/NFV-based networks, the controller checks the available capacity of all connected paths and selects the shortest paths to transmit the subflows of the same MPTCP connection.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Most research works following the SAND approach share a similar architecture.

“Most research works following this approach share a similar architecture, as shown in Fig 13.”

May combine two claims.

MPTCP-based SDN/NFV implementations enable load balancing, reliable communications, and better network resources utilization that lead to higher system throughput and end-users' QoE.

“MPTCP-based SDN/NFV implementations enable load balancing, reliable communications, and better network resources utilization that lead to higher system throughput and end-users' QoE [226].”

• cites [226] [226] J. Wu, C. Yuen, B. Cheng, M. Wang, and J. Chen, 'Streaming High-Quality Mobile Video with Multipath TCP in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks,' IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing , vol. 15, pp. 2345-2361, Sep. 2016. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

In worst case, client assigned to CDN outside ISP's network decreases quality and results in high cost for ISP and increased network load in ISP's core network.

“In the worst case, the client is assigned to a CDN outside the ISPs network which will not only decrease the quality but also results in a high cost for the ISP and an increased network load in the ISP's core network.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

SAND enables HAS based streaming solutions to provide a fair distribution of bandwidth among users.

“SAND enables HAS based streaming solutions to provide a fair distribution of bandwidth among users.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

SDN decouples the control plane from the data/packet forwarding plane.

“while SDN decouples the control plane from the data/packet forwarding plane, the NFV decouples NFs from dedicated hardware devices.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Many SDN/NFV based solutions have been proposed, implemented and tested to see the value and benefits offered by these technologies.

“As of today, many SDN/NFV based solutions have been proposed, implemented and tested to see the value and benefits offered by these technologies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The QoE measurement and collection of QoE IFs values in an SDN network is achieved through cooperation among clients, media content servers and SDN controllers.

“The QoE measurement and collection of QoE IFs values in an SDN network is achieved through the cooperation among various components including clients, media content servers and SDN controllers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The scope of SIDs can be either global or local.

“The scope of these SIDs can be either global or local.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Most works presented in subsection V-B utilize the SDN controller to manage and monitor all HAS players, their statuses, device capabilities, requested content, subscription plan types, QoE and buffer levels.

“Most of the works presented in this subsection utilize the SDN controller to manage and monitor all HAS players, their statuses, device capabilities, requested content, subscription plan types, QoE and buffer levels.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

SDN and NFV may provide an opportunity to ISP and OTTP for collaborative service management.

“SDN and NFV may provide an opportunity to ISP and OTTP for collaborative service management.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The global market of 360 cameras is expected to grow at an annual rate of 35% between 2016 and 2020.

“For example, the global market of 360 cameras is expected to grow at an annual rate of 35% between 2016 and 2020 10”

• cites [10] [10] J. Liu, S. Zhang, N. Kato, H. Ujikawa, and K. Suzuki, 'Device-todevice communications for enhancing quality of experience in software defined multi-tier LTE-A networks,' IEEE Network , vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 46-52, 2015. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

In viewpoint-dependent streaming, the portion outside the viewpoint is streamed at an average or lower quality while the part of the video watched by the user is streamed at the highest possible quality.

“In viewpoint-dependent streaming, the portion outside the viewpoint is streamed at an average or lower quality while the part of the video watched by the user is streamed at the highest possible quality.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In the case of a flash crowd appearance, VNF with VSS can be utilized to decrease the network load and end-to-end delay for content retrieval.

“For example, in the case of a flash crowd appearance, VNF with VSS can be utilized to decrease the network load and end-to-end delay for content retrieval.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

SDN and NFV have proved to be the appealing technologies for QoE management and control in future networks.

“SDN and NFV have proved to be the appealing technologies for QoE management and control in future networks, as discussed previously in Section V.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The user in VR is immersed in a virtual environment and can dynamically and freely decide the preferred viewpoint.

“The user in VR is immersed in a virtual environment and can dynamically and freely decide the preferred viewpoint [31].”

• cites [31] [31] S. Petrangeli, J. V. D. Hooft, T. Wauters, and F. D. Turck, 'Quality of Experience-Centric Management of Adaptive Video Streaming Services: Status and Challenges,' ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM) , vol. 14, pp. 2 -28, May 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The use of SDN and NFV provides a higher degree of freedom regarding the placement of QoE measurement points and flexible control of multimedia traffic flows compared to approaches implemented using SDN or NFV only.

“The use of SDN and NFV provides a higher degree of freedom regarding the placement of QoE measurement points and flexible control of multimedia traffic flows compared to approaches implemented using SDN or NFV only.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

DASCache enables fast video streaming with high QoE over ICNs by minimizing the average access time per bit of video contents requested by the enduser.

“DASCache enables fast video streaming with high QoE over ICNs by minimizing the average access time per bit of video contents requested by the enduser.”

• cites [279] [279] W. Li, S. M. A. Oteafy, and H. S. Hassanein, 'Dynamic adaptive streaming over popularity-driven caching in information-centric networks,' in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , pp. 5747-5752, June 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

As the adoption of SDN and NFV matures towards future 5G networks, the software-defined NFV architecture can offer an active traffic steering and joint optimization of network functions that further turns into QoE-management offerings.

“As the adoption of SDN and NFV matures towards future 5G networks, the software-defined NFV architecture [256] can offer an active traffic steering and joint optimization of network functions that further turns into QoE-management offerings [257].”

• cites [256] [256] Y. Li and M. Chen, 'Software-Defined Network Function Virtualization: A Survey,' IEEE Access , vol. 3, pp. 2542-2553, 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [257] [257] A. Martin, J. Egaña, J. Flórez, J. Montalbán, I. G. Olaizola, M. Quartulli, R. Viola, and M. Zorrilla, 'Network Resource Allocation System for QoE-Aware Delivery of Media Services in 5G Networks,' IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting , vol. 64, pp. 561-574, June 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

With the increasing acceptance and demand of 360 immersive videos which are of much higher size than traditional 2D videos, Internet traffic is expected to further grow in the next few years.

“With the increasing acceptance and demand of 360 immersive videos which are of much higher size than traditional 2D videos, Internet traffic is expected to further grow in the next few years.”

• cites [10] [10] J. Liu, S. Zhang, N. Kato, H. Ujikawa, and K. Suzuki, 'Device-todevice communications for enhancing quality of experience in software defined multi-tier LTE-A networks,' IEEE Network , vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 46-52, 2015. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [11] [11] B. Alcardo Alex and X. Tan, 'Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction Using DFT-Spreading OFDMA Technique,' International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering , vol. 3, pp. 1401-1409, March 2015. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

ICN approaches may also combine the benefits of pervasive fine-grained caching platforms and multi-path transmissions similar to MPTCP, an advantage that entails higher throughput compared to standard TCP/IP.

“It is worth noting that ICN approaches may also combine the benefits of pervasive fine-grained caching platforms and multi-path transmissions similar to MPTCP, an advantage that entails higher throughput compared to standard TCP/IP.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

DASCache can also enable users to switch to videos with better resolution.

“DASCache can also enable users to switch to videos with better resolution.”

• cites [279] [279] W. Li, S. M. A. Oteafy, and H. S. Hassanein, 'Dynamic adaptive streaming over popularity-driven caching in information-centric networks,' in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , pp. 5747-5752, June 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Server and network-based optimization maximizes end users' QoE through best path calculations for each service flow, optimal bitrates computation for clients to obtain QoE-fairness, and optimizing QoE by assigning different priority to a video stream depending on requested quality.

“Maximizes the end users' QoE through the best path calculations for each service flow, optimal bitrates computation for the clients so as to obtain QoE-fairness in the delivered video, Optimizing the QoE by assigning a different priority to a video stream depending on the requested quality”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

ICN can improve the end users' QoE through edge cache prefetching mechanisms that consider network monitoring for populating a cache as per the requirements/needs ahead of the client requests.

“ICN can improve the end users' QoE through edge cache prefetching mechanisms that consider network monitoring for populating a cache as per the requirements/needs ahead of the client requests.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

As new use cases for AR and VR are introduced in the market, service providers will need to address bandwidth limitations, reduce end-to-end network latency, and improve the overall QoS/QoE for the streaming media services.

“As new use cases for AR and VR are introduced in the market, service providers will need to address bandwidth limitations, reduce end-to-end network latency, and improve the overall QoS/QoE for the streaming media services.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The introduction of emerging architectures such as MEC, fog/cloud computing and ICN can greatly benefit from SDN and NFV to provide interactive and immersive video services to consumers.

“However, the introduction of emerging architectures such as MEC [14], fog/cloud computing [300], [301] and ICN can greatly benefit from SDN and NFV to provide interactive and immersive video services to consumers.”

• cites [14] [14] T. X. Tran, A. Hajisami, P. Pandey, and D. Pompili, 'Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing in 5G Networks: New Paradigms, Scenarios, and Challenges,' IEEE Communications Magazine, , vol. 55, pp. 54-61, April 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [300] [300] S. Yi, Z. Hao, Z. Qin, and Q. Li, 'Fog Computing: Platform and Applications,' in 2015 Third IEEE Workshop on Hot Topics in Web Systems and Technologies (HotWeb) , pp. 73-78, Nov 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [301] [301] Y. Liu, J. E. Fieldsend, and G. Min, 'A framework of fog computing: Architecture, challenges, and optimization,' IEEE Access , vol. 5, pp. 25445-25454, Oct 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: MEC offers an environment characterized by high bandwidth and low latency for applications and content providers.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Both Fog computing and MEC support virtualization functions.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Cloud computing provides ubiquitous on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources with minimum management effort.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

QoE-fairness and personalized QoE-centric control efficiently allocates network resources to ensure maximum users' QoE fairness is achieved.

“Efficient network resources allocation to ensure that the maximum users' QoE fairness is achieved.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The ISP may utilize the SDN and NFV paradigm for network management operations to drive collaborative QoE management using QoE related information provided by the OTTP.

“The ISP may utilize the SDN and NFV paradigm for the network management operations to drive collaborative QoE management using QoE related information provided by the OTTP.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Fog/cloud computing promises a distributed computing paradigm that extends the services provided by the cloud to the edge of the network.

“Fog/cloud computing [300], [301] promises a distributed computing paradigm that extends the services provided by the cloud to the edge of the network.”

• cites [300] [300] S. Yi, Z. Hao, Z. Qin, and Q. Li, 'Fog Computing: Platform and Applications,' in 2015 Third IEEE Workshop on Hot Topics in Web Systems and Technologies (HotWeb) , pp. 73-78, Nov 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [301] [301] Y. Liu, J. E. Fieldsend, and G. Min, 'A framework of fog computing: Architecture, challenges, and optimization,' IEEE Access , vol. 5, pp. 25445-25454, Oct 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

ISPs may perform network-wide QoS monitoring and network policy implementation utilizing the SDN controller.

“ISPs may perform network-wide QoS monitoring and network policy implementation utilizing the SDN controller.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The corrective and preventive actions to avoid existing or potential network problems that negatively affect the endusers' QoE can be performed by SDN/NFV sensors/actuators that monitor the network.

“As envisaged by the SELFNET project, the corrective and preventive actions to avoid existing or potential network problems that negatively affect the endusers' QoE can be performed by SDN/NFV sensors/actuators that monitor the network.”

• cites SELFNET projectNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

Viewpointdependent streaming can be obtained using online transcoding operations, such as using foveate-based encoding, or by spatially tiling the video.

“It is worth mentioning that viewpointdependent streaming can be obtained using online transcoding operations, such as using foveate-based encoding [287], or by spatially tiling the video [288].”

• cites [287] [287] J. Ryoo, K. Yun, D. Samaras, S. R. Das, and G. Zelinsky, 'Design and evaluation of a foveated video streaming service for commodity client devices,' in In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSys'16) , (Klagenfurt, Austria), pp. 1-6, May 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [288] [288] F. Qian, L. Ji, B. Han, and V. Gopalakrishnan, 'Optimizing 360 video delivery over cellular networks,' in In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on All Things Cellular: Operations, Applications and Challenges (ATC'16) , (New York, NY), pp. 1-6, May 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Multi-access edge decrease the content delivery latency and improve the utilization of the network resources.

“Multi-access edge decrease the content delivery latency and improve the utilization of the network resources.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: MEC offers an environment characterized by high bandwidth and low latency for applications and content providers.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Fog computing represents the overall architecture of distributing resources across the networks and cannot operate in a standalone mode as it is tightly linked to the existence of a cloud.

“However, unlike cloudlet [308] and MEC, fog computing represents the overall architecture of distributing resources across the networks and cannot operate in a standalone mode as it is tightly linked to the existence of a cloud.”

• cites [308] [308] M. Satyanarayanan, P. Bahl, R. Caceres, and N. Davies, 'The Case for VM-Based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing,' IEEE Pervasive Computing , vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 14-23, 2009. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The inclusion of SDN and/or NFV and their significant support in future networks such as 5G is an emerging area of active research which still has a vast scope for future research.

“The inclusion of SDN and/or NFV and their significant support in future networks such as 5G is an emerging area of active research which still has a vast scope for future research.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The basic idea of QoE-fairness and personalized QoE-centric control is to avoid quality instability, unfair bandwidth sharing and network resource underutilization among DASH competing clients sharing the same bottleneck network link.

“The basic idea is to avoid quality instability, unfair bandwidth sharing and network resource underuti- lization among DASH competing clients sharing the same bottleneck network link.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The clients have full control over the streaming session and also the possibility to adapt the multimedia stream to its context (e.g. device capabilities, network conditions).

“The clients have full control over the streaming session and also the possibility to adapt the multimedia stream to its context (e.g. device capabilities, network conditions) [313].”

• cites [313] [313] M. F. Majeed, S. H. Ahmed, S. Muhammad, H. Song, and D. B.Rawat, 'Multimedia streaming in information-centric networking: A survey and future perspectives,' Computer Networks , vol. 125, pp. 103-121, Oct 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The integration of SDN and NFV provides means for implementing advanced network QoE monitoring and management solutions.

“The integration of SDN and NFV provides means for implementing advanced network QoE monitoring and management solutions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

QoE measurements has also been addressed in the context of AR systems because of their applications in various fields such as emergency response training and medical surgery.

“QoE measurements has also been addressed in the context of AR systems [289], [290] because of their applications in various fields such as emergency response training and medical surgery.”

• cites [289] [289] J. Puig, A. Perkis, F. Lindseth, and T. Ebrahimi, 'Towards an efficient methodology for evaluation of quality of experience in augmented reality,' in 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience , pp. 188-193, July 2012. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [290] [290] M. Pallot, R. Eynard, B. Poussard, O. Christmann, and S. Richir, 'Augmented sport: Exploring collective user experience,' in In Proceedings of the Virtual Reality International Conference (VRIC'13) , (Laval, France), pp. 1-10, 2013. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In ICN, contents are decoupled from the location at the network level such that when a client requests a specific content, it is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) using a routable name scheme.

“In ICN, contents are decoupled from the location at the network level such that when a client requests a specific content, it is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) using a routable name scheme, for example, /example.com/video/ICNVideo.mp4.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

ICN is a disruptive network architecture that proposes to shift from the traditional host-centric approach model to a content-centric model by directly naming and operating on information objects.

“ICN [310], [311] is a disruptive network architecture that proposes to shift from the traditional host-centric approach model to a content-centric model by directly naming and operating on information objects [312].”

• cites [310] [310] A. A. Barakabitze and T. Xiaoheng, 'Caching and Data Routing In Information Centric Networking (ICN): The Future Internet Perspective,' International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering , vol. 4, pp. 26-36, Jan 2014. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [311] [311] B. Ahlgren, C. Dannewitz, C. Imbrenda, D. Kutscher, and B. Ohlman, 'A survey of information-centric networking,' IEEE Communications Magazine, , vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 26-36, 2012. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [312] [312] A. A. Barakabitze, T. Xiaoheng, and G. Tan, 'A Survey on Naming, Name Resolution and Data Routing in Information Centric Networking (ICN),' Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng , vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 8322-8330, 2014. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

Server and network-based optimization strategies include bandwidth reservation, bitrate guidance, video stream prioritization, CDN orchestration and caching optimization, and server-assisted delivery.

“Server and Network-Based Optimization | Bandwidth reservation [107], [196], [200] or bitrate guidance [7], [197], [108], [245] video stream prioritization [246], CDN or- chestration and caching optimization [247], server-assisted delivery [110]”

• cites [107] [107] G. Cofano, L. D. Cicco, T. Zinner, A. Nguyen-Ngoc, P. Tran-Gia, and S. Mascolo., 'Design and Experimental Evaluation of Networkassisted Strategies for HTTP Adaptive Streaming,' ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications , vol. 35, pp. 1-24, Nov 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [196] [196] A. Bentaleb, A. C. Begen, and R. Zimmermann, 'QoE-Aware Bandwidth Broker for HTTP Adaptive Streaming Flows in an SDN-Enabled HFC Network,' IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting , vol. 64, pp. 575589, June 2018. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [200] [200] A. Mansy, M. Fayed, and M. Ammar., 'Network-Layer Fairness for Adaptive Video Streams,' IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking) , pp. 1-9, May 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

The discussion above clearly points toward a shift towards the adoption of SDN and NFV paradigms for QoE management and orchestration of network resources in future networks.

“The discussion above clearly points toward a shift towards the adoption of SDN and NFV paradigms for QoE management and orchestration of network resources in future networks.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA), Content-Centric Networking (CCN) or Named Data Networking (NDN) are typical instantiations of the ICN paradigm.

“Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA) [314], Content-Centric Networking (CCN) or Named Data Networking (NDN) [315] are typical instantiations of the ICN paradigm [310].”

• cites [314] [314] T. Koponen, M. Chawla, B. Chun, A. Ermolinskiy, K. Kim, S.Shenker, and I. Stoica, 'A data-oriented (and beyond) network architecture,' ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review , vol. 37, pp. 181192, Aug 2007. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [315] [315] L. Zhang, A. Afanasyev, J. Burke, V. Jacobson, kc claffy, P. Crowley, C. Papadopoulos, L. Wang, and B. Zhang, 'Named data networking,' SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. , vol. 44, pp. 66-73, July 2014. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [310] [310] A. A. Barakabitze and T. Xiaoheng, 'Caching and Data Routing In Information Centric Networking (ICN): The Future Internet Perspective,' International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering , vol. 4, pp. 26-36, Jan 2014. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The global market of VR related devices will reach 30 billion USD by 2020.

“while the global market of VR related devices will reach 30 billion USD by 2020 11 .”

• cites [11] [11] B. Alcardo Alex and X. Tan, 'Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction Using DFT-Spreading OFDMA Technique,' International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering , vol. 3, pp. 1401-1409, March 2015. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

The discussion above indicates the significance of these advanced technologies for improving the performance and the delivery of QoE-rich services to the end-users in future communication systems.

“It also indicates the significance of these advanced technologies for improving the performance and the delivery of QoE-rich services to the end-users in future communication systems.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A study in [244] proposes a 5G network architecture for the network and service management of multimedia services by passive monitoring probe at the user terminal for exchange of information between OTTP and MNO.

“Similary, the study conducted in [244] proposes 5G network architecture for the network and service management of the multimedia services by passive monitoring probe at the user terminal for exchange of information between OTTP and MNO.”

• cites [244] [244] A. Ahmad and L. Atzori, 'MNO-OTT Collaborative Video Streaming in 5G: The Zero-rated QoE Approach for Quality and Resource Management,' IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management , 2019. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The monitored KQIs of the active session is stored in the database (accessible to the ISP through RESTful API) by the OTTP.

“The monitored KQIs of the active session is stored in the database (accessible to the ISP through RESTful API) by the OTTP.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

These challenges not only impact the consumers' AR/VR experience today but remain an impediment to the delivery of more immersive experiences in real-time in the future.

“These challenges not only impact the consumers' AR/VR experience today but remain an impediment to the delivery of more immersive experiences in real-time in the future.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Placement planning of the controller or the VNFs separately could still affect the performance and reliability of the SDN/NFV-based system, which in turn can negatively degrade the end-users' QoE.

“This is so because placement planning of the controller or the VNFs separately could still affect the performance and reliability of the SDN/NFV-based system, which in turn can negatively degrade the end-users' QoE.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A metric for quality evaluation of the rendered views that measures the variation of structural similarity on a set of viewpoints extracted from the light field is proposed.

“A metric for quality evaluation of the rendered views that measures the variation of structural similarity on a set of viewpoints extracted from the light field is proposed [341].”

• cites [341] [341] C. Perra, 'Assessing the Quality of Experience in Viewing Rendered Decompressed Light Fields,' Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol. 77, pp. 21771-21790, August 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

There are still significant gaps in some areas of QoE-control and management challenges that need extensive research and investigations.

“We note that despite the recent efforts towards overcoming QoE-control and management challenges today, and the rapid evolution of SDN and NFV towards future communication systems, there are still significant gaps in some areas that need extensive research and investigations as summarized in Table IX.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

QoE in emerging mulsemedia services, which involve different new media objects than traditional multimedia applications, has recently attracted much attention from the academia and industry.

“QoE in emerging mulsemedia services, which involve different new media objects than traditional multimedia applications, has recently attracted much attention from the academia and industry [292], [293].”

• cites [292] [292] C. Alexandra, Z. Longhao, T. Irina, M. Gabriel-Miro, and G. Gheorghita, 'Is Multimedia Multisensorial? - A Review of Mulsemedia Systems,' ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) , vol. 51, no. 5, 2018. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [293] [293] Y. Sulema, 'Mulsemedia vs. multimedia: State of the art and future trends,' in 2016 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP) , pp. 1-5, May 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

SLAs used today are not enough as the means to provide QoE-related contracts between service providers and customers.

“SLAs used today are not enough as the means to provide QoE-related contracts between service providers and customers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The relationship between SDN, NFV, and big data is not yet studied, especially in the perspective of future networks.

“However, while it will be challenging to meet QoS and QoE requirements and orchestrate VNFs without big data analytics, we note that the relationship between SDN, NFV, and big data is not yet studied, especially in the perspective of future networks.”

May combine two claims.

If the passive monitoring probe at the user terminal operates at a higher frequency, the prediction of QoE may be more accurate but will have a negative impact on the user end device regarding utilization of device resources (e.g., CPU, RAM and battery power).

“The primary reason is that if the passive monitoring probe at the user terminal operates at a higher frequency, the prediction of the QoE may be more accurate [82] but will have a negative impact on the user end device regarding utilization of the device resources (e.g., CPU, RAM and battery power) [240].”

• cites [82] [82] E. Liotou, D. Tsolkas, N. Passas, and L. Merakos, 'Quality of experience management in mobile cellular networks: key issues and design challenges,' IEEE Communications Magazine , vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 145153, 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [240] [240] A. Ahmad, L. Atzori, and M. G. Martini, 'Qualia: A multilayer solution for QoE passive monitoring at the user terminal,' in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , pp. 1-6, May 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Providing a reliable and scalable softwarized network would translate to service provisioning to the end-users with better quality.

“Providing a reliable and scalable softwarized network would also translate to service provisioning to the end-users with better quality.”

May combine two claims.

The new 360 mulsemedia services would come at the cost of more bandwidth than the conventional applications and stringent delay requirements.

“However, the new 360 mulsemedia services would come at the cost of more bandwidth than the conventional applications [298] and stringent delay requirements [299].”

• cites [298] [298] T.-M. Liu, C.-C. Ju, Y.-H. Huang, T.-S. Chang, K.-M. Yang, and Y.-T. Lin, 'A 360-degree 4K 2K panoramic video processing Over Smart-phones,' in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) , pp. 247-249, Jan 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [299] [299] X. Corbillon, G. Simon, A. Devlic, and J. Chakareski, 'Viewportadaptive navigable 360-degree video delivery,' in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) , (Paris, France), pp. 1-7, May 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Current SLA modeling proposals are mostly confined and focused on QoS technical aspects.

“Unfortunately, the current SLA modeling proposals are mostly confined and focused on QoS technical aspects.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Current SLA modeling proposals do not follow web principles and semantic approach for QoS specification of communication services using QoE parameters.

“Moreover, they do not follow web principles and semantic approach for QoS specification of communication services using QoE parameters.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There are several research works regarding objective and subjective quality assessment of gaming video content such as creation of gaming video datasets, evaluation of existing metrics and development of new no-reference metrics and models for gaming content.

“In addition, there are several research works regarding objective and subjective quality assessment of gaming video content such as creation of gaming video datasets [331], evaluation of existing metrics [332]-[335] and development of new no-reference metrics and models [46], [336], [337] for gaming content.”

• cites [331] [331] N. Barman, S. Zadtootaghaj, S. Schmidt, M. G. Martini, and S. Möller, 'GamingVideoSET: A Dataset for Gaming Video Streaming Applications,' in 2018 16th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames) , pp. 1-6, June 2018. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [332]-[335]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [46] [46] N. Barman, E. Jammeh, S. A. Ghorashi, and M. G. Martini, 'NoReference Video Quality Estimation Based on Machine Learning for Passive Gaming Video Streaming Applications,' IEEE Access , vol. 7, pp. 74511-74527, June 2019. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Dynamic resource sharing among slice tenants would make network resource utilization more efficient, but it needs intelligent scheduling algorithms to allocate resources among these slices.

“Although the dynamic resource sharing among slice tenants would make network resource utilization more efficient, it needs intelligent scheduling algorithms to allocate resources among these slices.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The imminent arrival of the IoT, consisting of interconnected devices, creates scalability, mobility, security and privacy, QoE resource management and multimedia network management challenges.

“Inevitably, the imminent arrival of the IoT, consisting of interconnected devices, creates scalability, mobility, security and privacy, QoE resource management [399] and multimedia network management challenges [400], [401].”

• cites [399] [399] A. Floris and L. Atzori, 'Quality of Experience in the Multimedia Internet of Things: Definition and practical use-cases,' in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW) , pp. 1747-1752, June 2015. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [400] [400] T. Ninikrishna, S. Sarkar, R. Tengshe, M. K. Jha, L. Sharma, V. Daliya, and S. K. Routray, 'Software Defined IoT: Issues and Challenges,' Proceedings of the IEEE 2017 International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) , pp. 723-726, Feb 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [401] [401] N. Bizanis and F. A. Kuipers, 'SDN and Virtualization Solutions for the Internet of Things: A Survey,' IEEE Access , vol. 4, pp. 5591-5606, Sept 2016. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Centralized controller implementations suit a single network domain.

“On the controller design viewpoint, the centralized controller implementations suit a single network domain.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Chen et al. measured the binocular quality perception in the context of blurriness and blockiness.

“Chen et al. [340] measured the binocular quality perception in the context of blurriness and blockiness.”

• cites [340] [340] M.-J. Chen, L. K. Cormack, and A. C. Bovik, 'No-reference quality assessment of natural stereopairs,' IEEE Trans. Image Process , vol. 22, pp. 3379 -3391, Sep 2013. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

The current QoE models for delivery of adaptive video streams have three limitations: they are developed to capture the behavior of the average user and hence some are not personalized; they do not consider the context in which the streaming session takes place; and only the QoE model of the users is inserted into the control loop, but not the user herself.

“The current QoE models for delivery of adaptive video streams have three limitations: (1) they are developed to capture the behavior of the”

• cites [31] [31] S. Petrangeli, J. V. D. Hooft, T. Wauters, and F. D. Turck, 'Quality of Experience-Centric Management of Adaptive Video Streaming Services: Status and Challenges,' ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM) , vol. 14, pp. 2 -28, May 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Similar to NFV, WNV aim to provide efficient resource utilization, reduce CAPEX and OPEX to service providers and better QoE to the end-users in future cellular systems.

“Similar to NFV concept, WNV aim to provide efficient resource utilization, reduces CAPEX and OPEX to service providers and better QoE to the end-users in future cellular systems.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Wang et al. perform QoE measurement for light field 3D displays on Multi-layer light field displays (MLLFDs).

“Wang et al. [338] perform QoE measurement for light field 3D displays on Multi-layer light field displays (MLLFDs).”

• cites [338] [338] S. Wang, K. S. Ong, P. Surman, J. Yuan, Y. Zheng, and X. W. Sun, 'Quality of experience measurement for light field 3D displays on multilayer LCDs,' Society for Information Display , vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 726-740, 2016. -Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

The risk of becoming a Single Point of Failure (SPOF) increases with centralized controller implementations, which in turn compromises network reliability and performance as well as end-users' QoE.

“However, the risk of becoming a Single Point of Failure (SPOF) increases, which in turn compromises the network reliability and its performance as well as the end-users' QoE.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Mulsemedia enables the integration of other human senses (e.g., olfactory and haptic) into human-computer interaction.

“Mulsemedia enables the integration of other human senses (e.g., olfactory and haptic) into human-computer interaction.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Current proposals are only focused on NFV management and orchestration; there are no efforts on the management and orchestration of both SDN and NFV resources for future evolution, for example, considering 5G networks.

“Despite these efforts, current proposals are only focused on NFV management and orchestration. There are no efforts given on the management and orchestration of both SDN and NFV resources for future evolution, for example, considering 5G networks.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The overall process of delivering VR video content from the source to clients is more complex than delivering common 4K videos.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: VR-video quality can be degraded by various faults that can be hard to separate or distinguish from.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Two ITU-T recommendations are published: one covers identification of factors affecting QoE in gaming applications (G.1032) and the other describes definition of subjective methods for evaluating quality experienced during gaming activities (P.809).

“Towards this end, two ITU-T recommendations are published [328]. One covers the identification of factors affecting QoE in gaming applications (G.1032) [329] while the other describes the definition of subjective methods for evaluating the quality experienced during gaming activities (P.809) [330].”

• cites [328] [328] S. Möller, S. Schmidt, and S. Zadtootaghaj, 'New ITU-T Standards for Gaming QoE Evaluation and Management,' in 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) , pp. 1-6, May 2018. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [329] [329] 'ITU-T Rec. G.1032: Influence Factors on Gaming Quality of Experience (QoE),' Oct 2017. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites [330] [330] 'ITU-T Rec. P.809: Subjective evaluation methods for gaming quality,' June 2018. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The zero-rate QoE approach for radio resource management in 5G networks considering multimedia services outperforms the traditional zero-rated data rate approach in terms of network resource utilization, delivered QoE and QoE-aware fairness.

“The approach outperforms the traditional zerorated data rate approach in terms of the network resource utilization, delivered QoE and QoE-aware fairness.”

• cites [244] [244] A. Ahmad and L. Atzori, 'MNO-OTT Collaborative Video Streaming in 5G: The Zero-rated QoE Approach for Quality and Resource Management,' IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management , 2019. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Higher operating frequency for information exchange may lead to improved service resilience while causing increased network overload issues.

“Future research work in this direction is critically needed as the higher operating frequency for the information exchange may lead to improved service resilience while causing increased network overload issues.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Shao et al. proposed a new full-reference quality assessment model for stereoscopic images where binocular receptive field properties are learned and aligned with human visual perception.

“A new full-reference quality assessment model for stereoscopic images is proposed by Shao et al. [339], where binocular receptive field properties are learned and aligned with human visual perception.”

• cites [339] [339] F. Shao, K. Li, W. Lin, G. Jiang, M. Yu, and Q. Dai, 'Full-Reference Quality Assessment of Stereoscopic Images by Learning Binocular Receptive Field Properties,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 2971 -2983, 2015. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

QoE-aware/driven management schemes for multimedia delivery services over future softwarized infrastructures are not covered yet.

“While existing projects are focusing on novel architectures that provide the needed flexibility and programmable networks using SDN/NFV, QoEaware/driven management schemes for multimedia delivery services over future softwarized infrastructures are not covered yet.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The overall process of delivering VR video content from the source to clients is more complex than delivering common 4K videos.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: VR-video quality can be degraded by various faults that can be hard to separate or distinguish from.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

360 video applications could integrate additional 360 sensory media content (e.g., olfactory, haptic or thermoceptics media objects) that could eventually enable an even better quality of user experience.

“Thus, 360 video applications, for example, could integrate additional 360 sensory media content (e.g., olfactory, haptic or thermoceptics media objects) that could eventually enable an even better quality of user experience [324].”

• cites [324] [324] L. Zou, I. Tal, A. Covaci, E. Ibarrola, G. Ghinea, and G.-M. Muntean, 'Can Multisensorial Media Improve Learner Experience?,' in Proceedings of the 8th ACM on Multimedia Systems Conference , MMSys'17, (Taipei, Taiwan), pp. 315-320, June 2017. - sourceNot checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Perra presents the QoE evaluation of light field applications when viewing rendered decompressed images.

“Perra [341] presents the QoE evaluation of light field applications when viewing rendered decompressed images.”

• cites [341] [341] C. Perra, 'Assessing the Quality of Experience in Viewing Rendered Decompressed Light Fields,' Multimedia Tools and Applications , vol. 77, pp. 21771-21790, August 2018. -Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.