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Cited by 1,401

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Users are not the enemy

Open access
Adams, Anne, Sasse, Martina Angela·1999·Communications of the ACM

Abstract

In this article, the author discusses why users compromise computer security mechanisms and how to take remedial measures. Confidentiality is an important aspect of computer security. It depends on authentication mechanisms, such as passwords, to safeguard access to information. Traditionally, authentication procedures are divided into two stages: identification and secret password. To date, research on password security and the usability of these mechanisms has rarely been investigated. Since security mechanisms are designed, implemented, applied and breached by people, human factors should be considered in their design. It seems that currently, hackers pay more attention to the human link in the security chain than security designers do, by using social engineering techniques to obtain passwords. The key element in password security is the crackablity of a password combination. System-generated passwords are essentially the optimal security approach; user-generated passwords are potentially more memorable and thus less likely to be disclosed. Password composition, alphanumeric password is more secure than one composed of letters alone. INSET: Recommendations.

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Metadata

Authors
Adams, A., & Sasse, M. A.
Venue
Communications of the ACM
Published
1999-12
Volume
42
Issue
12
Pages
40-46
ISSN
  • 0001-0782 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-7317
OpenAlex
W2037202491
Cited by
1,401
References
0
FWCI
32.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Users are not the enemy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/322796.322806
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Adams, A., & Sasse, M. A. (1999). Users are not the enemy. Communications of the ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/322796.322806

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.