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What is Mixed Reality?

Speicher, Maximilian, Hall, Brian D., Nebeling, Michael·2019·Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Abstract

What is Mixed Reality (MR)? To revisit this question given the many recent developments, we conducted interviews with ten AR/VR experts from academia and industry, as well as a literature survey of 68 papers. We find that, while there are prominent examples, there is no universally agreed on, one-size-fits-all definition of MR. Rather, we identified six partially competing notions from the literature and experts' responses. We then started to isolate the different aspects of reality relevant for MR experiences, going beyond the primarily visual notions and extending to audio, motion, haptics, taste, and smell. We distill our findings into a conceptual framework with seven dimensions to characterize MR applications in terms of the number of environments, number of users, level of immersion, level of virtuality, degree of interaction, input, and output. Our goal with this paper is to support classification and discussion of MR applications' design and provide a better means to researchers to contextualize their work within the increasingly fragmented MR landscape.

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Metadata

Authors
Speicher, M., Hall, B. D., & Nebeling, M.
Venue
Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher
ACM
Published
2019-05-02
Pages
1-15
OpenAlex
W2942094826
Cited by
702
References
2
FWCI
37.03
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: What is Mixed Reality? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1145/3290605.3300767
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Speicher, M., Hall, B. D., & Nebeling, M. (2019). What is Mixed Reality? Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300767

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